COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines
Resbakuna logo.png
Logo of Resbakuna,[a] the national COVID-19 vaccination campaign of the Philippines
COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines.svg
COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines (second dose).svg

Vaccine rollout by region (as of April 20, 2021)

  ≥1000000
  500000–999999
  100000–499999
  50000–99999
  25000–49999
  10000–24999
  ≤9999
DateMarch 1, 2021 (2021-03-01) – present
LocationPhilippines
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
TargetImmunization against COVID-19
Organized byDepartment of Health (DOH)
Participants1,999,214 total doses administered[1][b]
Outcome1.54% of the Filipino population has received at least one dose of a vaccine
0.27% has been fully vaccinated

The COVID-19 vaccination program in the Philippines is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations (EUA) to 7 COVID-19 vaccines (in chronological order): Pfizer–BioNTech, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Sputnik V, Janssen, Covaxin, and Moderna. There are eight other vaccines on order for the program, at varying stages of development.

As of May 3, 2021, about 1,999,214 total vaccine doses have been administered throughout the country. 1,689,829 individuals have been vaccinated across the country, with 309,385 receiving the second dose.[1][2][3] The mass vaccination program would begin by May 2021.[4][5]

Background and timeline[edit]

A doctor from Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center in Marikina receiving his first dose of CoronaVac
Vaccination site in Caloocan.

The COVID-19 Immunization Program Management Organizational Structure was formed on October 26, 2020 to facilitate the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines, however this was replaced by a vaccine cluster within the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) by November 6, 2020. Carlito Galvez Jr. was appointed to lead the cluster[6] under the title of vaccine czar.[7] The Philippine National Vaccination Program and Implementation Plan was also approved by November 6, 2020.[6]

Preparation[edit]

Organizations involved[edit]

The COVID-19 Immunization Program Management Organizational Structure was formed on October 26 with the intention of it overseeing the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines once these became available. However, by November 6, the vaccine body was abolished and replaced with a vaccine cluster within the National Task Force Against COVID-19 of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID). The vaccine cluster is distinct from the national task force's COVID-19 response cluster.[8]

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on their part is the agency tasked to review and approve the use and commercial distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines[9] as well as the issuance of an emergency use authorization for the same.

Delivery plan[edit]

The national government planned to rollout its vaccination program around February expecting the delivery of vaccines from Pfizer's vaccines sourced from the COVAX facility and the first batch of Sinovac's vaccines, consisting of 50,000 doses.[10] The delivery of Pfizer's vaccines was delayed due to documentary issues.[11]

The government plans to start a full rollout or mass vaccination for the general populace around late 2021.[4]

Regulatory approval[edit]

Under normal circumstances, drugs and vaccines are reviewed for approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under a period of six months. President Rodrigo Duterte to fast-track the government's medical response to the pandemic signed an executive order on December 2, 2020 which allowed the FDA to grant emergency-use authorization (EUA) to COVID-19 vaccines and treatments.[12] An EUA for a particular vaccine would authorize the government to buy said vaccine and allow to use the same for the vaccination program. An EUA would not authorize the commercial use of such vaccines or consent the use of the vaccine for personal use.[13]

The EUA approval process by the FDA is covered under FDA Circular No. 2020-036.[14][15]

A EUA granted for COVID-19 vaccine or drug remains valid if it fulfills three conditions:[15]

  • Based on the totality of evidence including data from adequate and well-known controlled trials, it is reasonable to believe that the drug or vaccine may be effective to prevent, diagnose or treat COVID-19.
  • The known and potential benefits of the drug or vaccine...outweigh the known and potential risks, if any.
  • There is no adequate, approved, and available alternative to the drug or vaccine.

The EUAs validity ends one year from the lifting of the public health emergency status declared in response to the pandemic or one year from the date it was registered if a COVID-19 drug or vaccine gets fully registered with the FDA.[15]

Among the conditions is for a vaccine manufacturer to secure a EUA in the Philippines is to obtain prior EUA in its country of origin or other countries with a "mature" regulator.[16] No manufacturer would be allowed to obtain a EUA in the Philippines first. For the purpose of the FDA's EUA approval process, the following foreign regulators are considered as "mature":[15]

Vaccine manufacturers applied for EUA[edit]

The FDA announced that three vaccine manufactures namely Pfizer–BioNTech, AstraZeneca, and Sinovac have inquired on the process of obtaining an EUA in the Philippines.[16] Pfizer applied for an EUA for the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine on December 23, 2020[17] while Oxford–AstraZeneca did the same for AZD1222 on January 6, 2021.[13] On January 6, Gamaleya applied for an EUA for its Sputnik V vaccine.[18] On January 13, Sinovac applied for an EUA for its CoronaVac vaccine. On January 21, Bharat Biotech applied for an EUA for its Covaxin vaccine. On March 2, Sinopharm applied for an EUA for its BBIBP-CorV vaccine.[19][20] On March 31, Johnson & Johnson applied for an EUA for its Ad26.COV2.S vaccine.[21][22] On April 26, Moderna applied for an EUA for its mRNA-1273 vaccine.[23]

The FDA approved Pfizer–BioNTech's EUA application on January 14, 2021.[24][25] On January 28, the FDA approved Oxford–AstraZeneca's EUA application.[26] On February 22, the FDA approved Sinovac's EUA application.[27] On March 19, the FDA approved Gamaleya's EUA application.[28] On April 19, Bharat Biotech and Johnson and Johnson approved its EUA application by the FDA.[29] On May 5, Moderna approved its EUA application by the FDA.[30]

Rollout[edit]

Dr. Gerardo Legaspi officially becomes the first recipient of a COVID-19 vaccine in the country on March 1, 2021

The Philippines' vaccination officially began on March 1, 2021 shortly after the arrival of the first batch of vaccines from Sinovac. Prior to the official roll-out, a dry run was conducted to ensure that the vaccines, especially temperature-sensitive ones, would be rolled-out with minimal problems.[31]

In February 2021, the Food and Drug Association recommended against the usage of Sinovac vaccines for health care workers due to its low efficacy rates in trials on health care workers in other countries. It has recommended its usage instead to the vaccine to the working population and military personnel.[32][33]

The National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) on February 26 has approved the use of the Sinovac vaccine to health care workers.[34] Health care workers are still allowed to not take the vaccine and wait for a more effective vaccine.[35] Philippine General Hospital (PGH) employees demanded for a better vaccine and an increase with their hazard pays.[36]

On a press conference, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque stated that health care workers can refuse the Sinovac vaccine and wait for the vaccines from Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, and Oxford–AztraZeneca while still being prioritized but other prioritized groups shall only get what is available in their locality.[37]

The rollout for the Philippines' national vaccine program began on March 1, 2021, shortly after the arrival of 600,000 doses of Sinovac's vaccine.[38] Philippine General Hospital director and doctor Gerardo Legaspi officially became the first recipient of a COVID-19 vaccine in the country.[39] The initial batch will cover around 50,000 military personnel and 250,000 health workers.[40] As of March 3, 2021, vaccinations has been limited to Metro Manila and to health workers.[41] However, select government officials were vaccinated in a bid to boost confidence on the vaccine.[42]

On March 6, 2021, Oxford–AstraZeneca, under the COVAX facility, began the rollout. Health workers who refused Sinovac's vaccines were prioritized.[43][44]

On May 3, 2021, Gamaleya began the rollout with five cities of Metro Manila, including Makati, Manila, Taguig, Parañaque, and Muntinlupa.[45]

Vaccine supply[edit]

Summary[edit]

Summary of vaccine procurement, donation processing, and approval (by the national government)
Vaccine Origin Progress Doses ordered Sourced from donations
(including pledges) 		Approval Deployment
Pfizer–BioNTech US/Germany phase III clinical trials 15 million[46] 2.3 million[47] Green check.svg January 14, 2021[25] Pending (expected June 2021)
Oxford–AstraZeneca UK phase III clinical trials 17 million[48] 480 thousand[49] Green check.svg January 28, 2021[26] Green check.svg March 6, 2021
Sinovac China phase III clinical trials 25 million[50] ~1 million[51] Green check.svg February 22, 2021[27] Green check.svg March 1, 2021
Gamaleya Russia phase III clinical trials 20 million[52] 15 thousand Green check.svg March 19, 2021[53] Green check.svg May 3, 2021[45]
Bharat Biotech India phase III clinical trials 8 million[54] – Green check.svg April 19, 2021[29] Pending
Janssen US/Netherlands phase III clinical trials 6 million[55] – Green check.svg April 19, 2021[29] Pending
Moderna US phase III clinical trials 25 million[56] 194 thousand[57] Green check.svg May 5, 2021[30] Pending (expected June 2021)[58]
Sinopharm China phase III clinical trials – – No EUA application submitted[59] Pending
Novavax US/India phase III clinical trials 30 million[60] – No EUA application submitted[59] Pending
Arcturus US/Singapore phase II clinical trials – – No EUA application submitted Pending
Clover China phase II/III clinical trials – – No EUA application submitted Pending
EuBiologics[61] US/South Korea phase I/II clinical trials – – No EUA application submitted Pending
Summary of vaccines in trial stage
Vaccine Type (technology) Phase I Phase II Phase III No. of participants in clinical trial
Janssen Viral vector Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed In progress 900[62]
Clover Subunit Green check.svg Completed In progress In progress 7700[63]
Sinovac Inactivated Green check.svg Completed In progress In progress 352[64]

By acquisition[edit]

Vaccines on order[edit]

By the national government[edit]

The Philippine government has been negotiating with various foreign vaccine manufacturers to secure the country's COVID-19 vaccine supply. These manufacturers include Sinovac Biotech (China), Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Russia), Moderna (United States), and Pfizer (United States).[65][66] The private sector, with government sanction, has secured at least 2.6 million vaccine doses from British-Swedish manufacturer AstraZeneca[67] The government also has secured 30 million doses from American firm Novavax which would be supplied from the Serum Institute of India.[68][69]

The government plans to secure 161 million doses from at least seven firms by the end of 2021.[70][71] The procurement efforts of the national government have been a subject of various controversies.

The national government through the Department of Foreign Affairs responding to the request of Germany and the United Kingdom to be exempted from the Philippines' prevailing cap on the deployment of nurses abroad in exchange for vaccines.[72] The United Kingdom declined the offer refusing to link the vaccines to negotiations on the deployment of Filipino health workers to their country. The proposal was also opposed by labor group Migrante International.[73]

By local governments[edit]

Local government units in the Philippines, from individual municipalities and cities and provinces has allocated part of their budgets to procure their own supply of COVID-19 vaccines.[74]

Along with private companies, local governments had to procure vaccines through cooperation with the national government which led to some members of the Congress questioning urging the national government to allow local governments to procure vaccines unilaterally. However, the government pointed out that only national governments could directly procure vaccines through the World Health Organization's COVAX facility and that third-party private firms and local governments had to sign a tripartite deal with the national government and member vaccine manufacturer.[75]

Vaccines sourced from donations[edit]

The first vaccines acquired by the Philippine national government was from Sinovac. The first batch of Sinovac's vaccines consisting of 600,000 doses were received by the Philippines on February 28, 2021 with the country expected to receive a total of 25 million doses.[76] Vaccines sourced through the COVAX facility is also funded through donations by foreign countries.[77] The IATF-EID approved the Philippines' participation in COVAX on July 24, 2020.[78] The country is the recipient of vaccines from Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca through the platform.[79]

The Philippines also engaged in talks with Israel to obtain a possible donation of excess vaccines from the Middle Eastern country.[80]

Local production[edit]

Five local firms are in negotiations with foreign organizations to set up vaccine manufacturing sites in the Philippines as of March 2021. The origin of these foreign organization include China, India, South Korea, Russia, and the United States.[81] South Korean firm EU Biologics has a partnership with Philippine vaccine distributor Glovax Biotech Corp. since 2012. The two companies plan to set-up their own vaccine production hub in Clark.[61] Other interested foreign parties include the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russia and a university research unit based in the United States.[81]

Philippine company United Laboratories launched a program known as "Vaccine Self Reliant Philippines" which includes plans to set up a vaccine manufacturing plant by 2023.[82]

By vaccine[edit]

Gamaleya[edit]

Russia commits to deliver the first doses of Gamaleya's Sputnik V vaccine to the Philippines around April 2021. The Philippines and Russia are also negotiating regarding a plan to set up a production facility for Sputnik V vaccines in the Philippines.[83] The first batch of Gamaleya's vaccine, consisting of 15,000 doses, arrived on May 1, 2021.[84][85]

Moderna[edit]

In early March 2021, the Philippine government secured 20 million doses of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine through a tripartite agreement with Moderna and the private sector led by businessman Enrique Razon.[86] The government ordered an additional 5 million doses in late March.[56] The first batch of Moderna's vaccine, consisting of 194,000 doses,[57] is seen to arrive by June 15.[87]

Oxford–AstraZeneca[edit]

A worker unloading the shipment from COVAX at Villamor Air Base in Pasay on March 4, 2021

A shipment of 487,200 Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines under COVAX's facility arrived in the country on March 4, 2021.[88] An additional shipment of 38,400 doses arrived in the country on March 7, totalling a number of 525,600 doses from COVAX's facility.[89]

Pfizer–BioNTech[edit]

The delivery of Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines to the Philippines has been subject to delays.[90] Health Secretary Francisco Duque has been alleged to have "dropped the ball" on a Pfizer vaccine deal which could have secured 10 million doses by as early as January 2021.[65] The first batch of the Pfizer vaccine, consisting of 2.3 million doses through the COVAX facility, is expected to arrive by June.[47]

Sinovac[edit]

A Chinese military transport vehicle dropping off Sinovac's "CoronaVac" in Villamor Air Base in preparation for the mass vaccination in the Philippines

Plans to secure 25 million doses from China's Sinovac have also been subjected to scrutiny in Congress due to its reported efficacy rate. The efficacy rate of the Sinovac vaccine has varied by country; Turkey has reported an efficacy rate of 91%[91] while Brazil has reported an efficacy rate of 78%.[92] The Department of Health said that Sinovac's vaccine satisfy the World Health Organization standards of at least 50 percent efficacy rate while the FDA pointed out that Sinovac is yet to publish an official and published scientific report on their vaccines efficacy rate and that the clinical trial for the vaccine is conducted in different countries and the efficacy rate per country will vary.[67][93][94] Following the approval for emergency use authorization on February 22, the first batch of Sinovac vaccines, consisting of 600,000 doses, from China's donation to the country arrived on February 28.

The first batch of procured vaccines by the government reached the Philippines on March 29 came from Sinovac with previous received vaccines coming from donations.[95]

Vaccination priority groups[edit]

The Philippine government released a priority groups list for the national vaccination program in February 2021 as approved by the Interim National Immunization Technical Advisory Group. The list include three main categorizations, with utmost priority provided for populations under "A" categorization.[96] As of April 12, 2021, people under priority groups A1 to A3 are being allowed to received vaccination.[97]

Vaccination priorities[98]
Category Priority group
A1 Frontline workers in health facilities both national and local, private and public, health professionals and non-professionals like students, nursing aides, janitors, barangay health workers, etc.
A2 Senior citizens aged 60 and above
A3 Persons with comorbidities not otherwise included in the preceding categories
A4 Frontline personnel in essential sectors including uniformed personnel and those in working sectors identified by the IATF as essential during ECQ; local executives[c] (since March 19, 2021), judiciary employees[99] (since April 5, 2021), Filipino seafarers[100] (since April 12, 2021)
A5 Indigent population not otherwise included in the preceding categories. Homeless population.
B1 Teachers, social workers
B2 Other government workers
B3 Other essential workers (e.g. grocery store workers, bank workers, retail workers, mall workers)
B4 Socio-demographic groups at significantly higher risk other than senior citizens and indigenous people
B5 Overseas Filipino Workers
B6 Other remaining workforce
C Rest of the Filipino population not otherwise included in the above groups

Categories within priority groups[edit]

A3: Persons with comorbidities[edit]

On March 29, 2021, the DOH announced that individuals with the following comorbidities will be prioritized:

Others with comorbidities not mentioned will be next in line for prioritization.[101]

A4: Frontline personnel in essential sectors[edit]

The following are 13 sets of people under the A4 priority group defined as of April 12, 2021.[97]

  1. Commuter transport (land, air, and sea), including logistics (delivery)
  2. Frontline government workers in justice, security, transport and social protection sectors (including working in jails, police officers, social workers in crisis intervention units)
  3. Public and private wet and dry market vendors; frontline workers in grocery, supermarkets; delivery services
  4. Workers in manufacturing for food, beverage, medical and pharmaceutical products
  5. Frontline workers in food retail, including food service delivery
  6. Frontline government workers (including safety inspectors, field enumerators, tax and clearance personnel)
  7. Frontline workers in Financial Services (including frontliners in banks, money remittance establishments)
  8. Teaching and related personnel in medical and allied medical courses of higher education institutions, including personnel handling laboratories
  9. Frontline workers in hotels and accommodation (especially establishments doubling as quarantine facilities)
  10. Priests, Pastors, religious leaders regardless of denomination
  11. Construction workers in government infrastructure projects
  12. Security guards/personnel assigned in the establishments, offices, agencies, and organizations identified in these priority sectors
  13. OFWs not classified above, and scheduled for deployment within two months

Changes and additions[edit]

  • March 19, 2021 – Local executives (provincial governors, city and municipal mayors, and barangay captains) are reclassified as essential workers or under the A4 category.[102]
  • March 29, 2021 – Specific comorbidities defined for category A3. People with the identify comorbidities are prioritized for vaccination over people with other comorbidities not specified.[101]
  • April 5, 2021 – Inclusion of judiciary employees under A4 category.[99]
  • April 12, 2021 – 13 Essential workers sub-groups under A4 category defined.[97] This include elevation of Filipino seafarers to A4 category from either B3 (other essential workers) or B5 (overseas Filipino workers) categories. Applies to both seafarers working domestically and those deployed overseas.[100]

Vaccination centers[edit]

On February 14, 2021, the Armed Forces of the Philippines announced that 46 locations have been identified to serve as vaccination centers for the vaccination program. 30 out of these were already accredited by the DOH at that time.[103]

Progress to date[edit]

Controversies[edit]

Black market[edit]

In January 2021, during the time when only the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine had an emergency use authorization, it was reported that an alleged black market of smuggled vaccines from China has established itself in the Philippines. The demand for the vaccines is particularly high for Chinese nationals in the country, especially those employed by Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGOs). The doses are reportedly sold at inflated prices, considerably more expensive than the standard price of the same vaccines in China.[104]

In late March 2021, the FDA released an advisory cautioning the public against fake vaccines and that vaccines which had emergency use authorization are not authorized to be sold commercially. Although as of that date, there are no reports yet of fake vaccines proliferating in the country as per the FDA.[105]

Line jumping[edit]

The DOH reported in March 2021 that a number of individuals had jumped the line to get the vaccine, becoming vaccinated despite being otherwise ineligible to do so.[106] These include several local government officials, prompting the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to issue show cause orders against them to explain why they were vaccinated,[107] and actor Mark Anthony Fernandez, who was vaccinated despite not belonging to a priority group for the vaccine.[108] Fernandez, for his part, claimed that he had underlying health conditions that otherwise made him eligible.[109]

The issue has raised the concerns of the Commission on Human Rights,[110] and has also led to the WHO warning the Philippine government that it risks losing access to its share of vaccines provided by COVAX if the practice continues.[111]

A number of suggestions were floated to address line jumping, with Senator Franklin Drilon urging the government to ramp up the country's vaccine supply,[112] and Representative Precious Hipolito, who represents the second district of Quezon City, filing a bill that would amend the Philippines' COVID-19 vaccination law to criminalize the practice.[113]

Vaccination of the Presidential Security Group and President Duterte[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic § Military and PSG vaccination controversy[edit]

In 2020, members of the Presidential Security Group (PSG), Cabinet officials, a senator, and the Special Envoy for Public Diplomacy to China received vaccines without clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the Department of Health (DOH).[114]

Duterte said in December 2020 that some members of the military received COVID-19 vaccine from Chinese manufacturer Sinopharm despite the vaccine not yet officially approved by the country's health authorities.[115] A few days later, it was reported that some members of the PSG had also received vaccines from an unknown manufacturer.[116][117] Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said that the vaccine used by the security group were smuggled.[118] Brig. Gen. Jesus Durante III said that members of the PSG were vaccinated as early as September 2020 and Duterte said that PSG personnel administered the vaccines themselves.[119] Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque urged the public to "just accept" that some soldiers have received COVID-19 vaccines.[120] On December 28, the Armed Forces of the Philippines said that the PSG members were the first ones to be vaccinated to "protect" Duterte.[121]

On December 29, FDA Director General Enrique Domingo said that the DOH and the FDA were not consulted over the inoculation of soldiers and other government officials.[122] On December 30, Durante said that he will take "full responsibility" for the vaccine administered to the PSG.[117]

In 2021, criminal investigations and hearings were ordered by the National Bureau of Investigation,[116] the FDA,[123] and the Philippine Senate over alleged irregularities with the vaccinations.

On January 4, 2021, Duterte ordered the PSG to either not attend any congressional meeting regarding the unauthorized vaccination or stay quiet during such a hearing, contradicting the Presidential Spokesperson who said that the PSG will submit to any investigation.[124] On January 5, despite Duterte's threat of a potential "crisis" if senators questioned his military bodyguards about their vaccination, the Senate opened the investigation for the unauthorized use of COVID-19 vaccines.[125][126] On January 6, Senator Sherwin Gatchalian said that he found nothing wrong with giving vaccines to PSG members, stating that they are considered frontliners.[127]

On May 3, 2021, President Rodrigo Duterte received his first dose of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine despite the latter not receiving an EUA from FDA. The FDA only issued a one-time compassionate permit for 10,000 doses of the vaccine for the PSG.[128]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ A portmanteau of Tagalog words resbak (to take revenge) and bakuna (vaccine); literally, "to take revenge [on COVID-19] with a vaccine"
  2. ^ 1,689,829 of these have only been administered with the first dose, while 309,385 have fully been vaccinated.
  3. ^ Local executives (governors, mayors, and barangay captains) were considered as frontline personnel

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Vaccine Statistics: As of May 3, 2021". Department of Health. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  2. ^ "TRACKER: The Philippines' COVID-19 vaccine distribution". Rappler. April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  3. ^ "Philippines: COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. March 23, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Philippines may start mass vaccination in second quarter with limited doses". News5. March 1, 2021.
  5. ^ Salaverria, Leila B. (March 20, 2021). "Galvez sees mass vaccination starting in May". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  6. ^ a b "IATF approves the Philippine National Vaccination Program and Implementation Plan". ptvnews.ph. November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  7. ^ "VERA FILES FACT SHEET: The vaccine czar, explained". Vera Files. November 10, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  8. ^ "IATF replaces DOH-led task force with COVID-19 vaccine cluster headed by Galvez". CNN Philippines. November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  9. ^ "Philippines warns of unapproved Covid-19 shots as soldiers get jabs". The Strait Times.
  10. ^ Aguilar, Krissy (January 12, 2021). "PH eyes rollout of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine via COVAX facility in Feb". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  11. ^ https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1399066/impasse-on-delivery-of-pfizer-vaccines-cleared-as-ph-receives-contract-side-letter-who
  12. ^ "Duterte allows FDA to issue emergency use authorization for COVID-19 vaccines, drugs". CNN Philippines. December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Ferreras, Vince (January 6, 2021). "AstraZeneca applies for COVID-19 vaccine emergency use in PH – FDA". CNN Philippines. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  14. ^ "FDA Circular No. 2020-036: Guidelines on the Issuance of Emergency Use Authorization for Drugs and Vaccines for COVID-19". Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines. December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d Tomacruz, Sofia (January 6, 2021). "How FDA grants emergency approval for COVID-19 vaccines, meds". Rappler. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Three drugmakers eye vaccine emergency use in PH". CNN Philippines. December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  17. ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (December 26, 2020). "Pfizer applies for authorization of its COVID vaccine in Philippines". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  18. ^ "Russia's Gamaleya bids for emergency vaccine use instead of clinical trials". CNN Philippines. January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  19. ^ "Sinopharm applies for emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines in PH". CNN Philippines. March 1, 2021.
  20. ^ De Vera, Analou (March 2, 2021). "China's Sinopharm submits EUA application, FDA confirms". Manila Bulletin.
  21. ^ Ornedo, Julia Mari (April 5, 2021). "FDA: Janssen files EUA application for single-dose COVID-19 vaccine". GMA News.
  22. ^ "Johnson & Johnson files for vaccine emergency use in PH". CNN Philippines. April 5, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  23. ^ "Moderna applies for emergency use of its COVID-19 vaccine in PH". CNN Philippines. April 26, 2021.
  24. ^ Sabillo, Kristine (January 6, 2021). "FDA aims to decide on Pfizer vaccine emergency use by Jan. 14, AstraZeneca to apply soon". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  25. ^ a b "PH authorizes Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use". CNN Philippines. January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  26. ^ a b Tomacruz, Sofia (January 28, 2021). "Philippines approves AstraZeneca vaccine for emergency use". Rappler.
  27. ^ a b "Philippines approves Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use". Reuters. February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
  28. ^ "Philippines grants emergency authorization for Russia's Sputnik V vaccine". ABS-CBN News. March 19, 2021.
  29. ^ a b c "Covaxin, Janssen approved for emergency use in PH". CNN Philippines. April 19, 2021.
  30. ^ a b Galvez, Daphne (May 5, 2021). "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine gets emergency use authorization". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  31. ^ Cinco, Maricar (February 10, 2021). "Vaccine delivery dry run goes well". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  32. ^ Baclig, Cristina Eloisa (February 26, 2021). "EXPLAINER: Overworked, underpaid HCWs' woes on Sinovac vaccine". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  33. ^ "Sinovac vaccines to go to military, economic frontliners". Manila Bulletin. February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  34. ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (February 26, 2021). "Breaking: IATF OKs Sinovac use for healthcare workers — DOH". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  35. ^ News, Kristine Sabillo, ABS-CBN (February 26, 2021). "Advisory group OKs use of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for PH health workers". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  36. ^ "Protesting PGH workers demand 'best vaccine'". The Manila Times. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  37. ^ "Only health care workers can refuse Sinovac vaccine without losing priority status – Roque". cnn. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  38. ^ "Meet Dr. Gerardo Legaspi, the first to be officially vaccinated against COVID-19 in PH". ABS-CBN News. March 1, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  39. ^ Tan, Lara (March 1, 2021). "State hospital PGH's director first to receive COVID-19 vaccine in PH". CNN Philippines. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  40. ^ Parrocha, Azer (March 1, 2021). "PH kick-starts Covid-19 vaccination drive with CoronaVac". Philippine News Agency. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  41. ^ "Covid shots for health workers, not LGU execs". SunStar. March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  42. ^ "DOH to probe vaccination of non-health workers". SunStar. March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  43. ^ Aguilar, Krissy (March 5, 2021). "Saturday rollout of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine eyed". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  44. ^ Cabalza, Dexter (March 7, 2021). "Senior health workers among first to get AstraZeneca shots". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  45. ^ a b Robbie de Guzman (May 3, 2021). "First batch of Sputnik V vaccines to be given to five Metro Manila cities — DOH". UNTV NEWS & RESCUE. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
  46. ^ "170M COVID vaccine doses and counting: Palace says PH has enough orders to inoculate 70 million Filipino adults this year". Manila Bulletin. February 16, 2021.
  47. ^ a b Kabagani, Lade Jean (April 29, 2021). "PH to get steady supplies of Covid-19 vax starting June". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  48. ^ "PH signs deal with AstraZeneca for 17M doses of Covid-19 vaccine". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  49. ^ Orbina, Jun Ryan (March 4, 2021). "Philippines welcomes the arrival of COVID-19 vaccines via COVAX facility". World Health Organization.
  50. ^ Randa, Pia (January 11, 2021). "Philippines signs deal with Sinovac for 25 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine". Rappler. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  51. ^ News, Kristine Sabillo, ABS-CBN (April 1, 2021). "Almost 740,000 COVID-19 vaccine shots administered in PH; 1,344 get 2nd dose". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  52. ^ Ramos, Christia Marie (April 13, 2021). "Gov't eyeing 20 M doses of Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  53. ^ "Philippines approves emergency use of Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine". BusinessWorld. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  54. ^ "30M doses of Novavax to arrive in PH in Sept, 8M do next month – PH envoy". The Filipino Times. April 26, 2021.
  55. ^ Aning, Jerome (April 14, 2021). "PH to sign deal for 6 million Janssen vaccine doses this week". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  56. ^ a b Mercado, Neil Arwin (March 30, 2021). "Galvez: PH orders another 5 million doses of Moderna vaccines". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  57. ^ a b "194,000 doses of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine set to arrive in May - Galvez". ABS-CBN News. April 13, 2021.
  58. ^ https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1419358/moderna-vaccines-arriving-by-june-2021-says-tycoon-enrique-razon-jr
  59. ^ a b Lacuata, Rose Carmelle (April 12, 2021). "FDA: 5 more COVID-19 vaccine brands yet to get EUA in PH". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  60. ^ "PH signs supply deal for 30 million doses of Novavax vaccine". Rappler. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  61. ^ a b "Firm looks to build vaccine manufacturing plant in PH". ABS-CBN News. April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  62. ^ "A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older". registry.healthresearch.ph. Philippine Health Research Registry. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  63. ^ "A controlled Phase 2/3 study of adjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein vaccine (SCB-2019) for the prevention of COVID-19". registry.healthresearch.ph. Philippine Health Research Registry. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  64. ^ "A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase II/III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated (Vero Cell) Vaccine in the Elderly 60-80 Years of Age, Coronovac ENCOV19 Study". registry.healthresearch.ph. Philippine Health Research Registry. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  65. ^ a b Ramos, Christia Marie (December 27, 2020). "Moderna 'accelerating huge shipment' of COVID-19 vaccines to PH – Locsin". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  66. ^ "Galvez: Bulk of COVID-19 vaccines for PH will come from US drug maker Novavax". Manila Bulletin. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  67. ^ a b Aurelio, Julie; Salaverria, Leila (December 27, 2020). "DOH: 50% vaccine efficacy is OK". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  68. ^ "PH secures deal for 30M doses of Covovax COVID-19 vaccine". Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 10, 2021.
  69. ^ Ranada, Pia (December 22, 2020). "Philippines eyes 30 million doses of Novavax vaccine". Rappler. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  70. ^ "PH to procure 148 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines this year". CNN Philippines. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  71. ^ "Philippines to buy 161 million COVID-19 vaccine doses by yearend: Galvez". ABS-CBN News. March 1, 2021.
  72. ^ Patinio, Ferdinand (February 23, 2021). "PH asks UK, Germany to provide vaccines for OFWs". Philippine News Agency. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  73. ^ Valentin, Crissy (February 24, 2021). "OFW group slams nurse deployment-for-vaccine proposition to UK, Germany". BusinessWorld. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  74. ^ "LIST: Local governments rolling out plans for free COVID-19 vaccines". Rappler. January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  75. ^ Salaverria, Leila (January 13, 2021). "No national government 'monopoly' in COVID-19 vaccine procurement – Palace". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  76. ^ "Philippines receives first batch of COVID-19 vaccine donated by China". Nikkei Asia. February 28, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  77. ^ Gonzales, Cathrine (March 4, 2021). "AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines from Covax donated by European countries – DOH". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  78. ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (July 24, 2020). "Philippines joins COVID-19 vaccine global access facility". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  79. ^ "The Covax Facility: Interim Distribution Forecast – latest as of 3 February 2021" (PDF). COVAX. February 3, 2021.
  80. ^ "PH in talks with Israel for possible COVID-19 vaccine donation". CNN Philippines. March 18, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  81. ^ a b Campos, Othel (March 28, 2021). "Local firms seek technologies for making vaccine". Manila Standard. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  82. ^ Cahiles-Magkilat, Bernie (April 16, 2021). "Unilab confirmed for COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  83. ^ "PH seen as Asia hub for Sputnik V vaccine –". Asian Journal News. March 27, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  84. ^ Parrocha, Azer (April 29, 2021). "Lack of direct flights delays Sputnik vax delivery". Philippine News Agency.
  85. ^ "Philippines receives first batch of Russia's Sputnik V vaccines | The Star". The Star. Star Media Group Berhad. May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  86. ^ Deiparine, Christian (March 7, 2021). "Philippines reaches supply deal with Moderna for 13 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  87. ^ Galvez, Daphne (April 20, 2021). "200,000 Moderna vaccines expected to arrive in PH in June — envoy". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  88. ^ "487,200 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines from COVAX Facility arrive in PH". ABS-CBN News. March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  89. ^ "38,400 more doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine to arrive Sunday - Galvez". ABS-CBN News. March 6, 2021.
  90. ^ "Philippines may get Pfizer COVID-19 shots in 'couple of weeks': envoy". ABS-CBN News. March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  91. ^ "Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine has 91% efficacy, Turkey says". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  92. ^ "Sinovac Shot Shown 78% Effective in Brazil After Data Confusion". Bloomberg.com. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  93. ^ "Lacson: Philippines might have to settle for Sinovac after Duterte's threat vs. US on terminating VFA". GMA News. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  94. ^ "FDA chief: Scientific publication on Sinovac's efficacy yet to be released". GMA News. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  95. ^ "First batch of purchased COVID-19 vaccines reach PH". CNN Philippines. March 29, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  96. ^ Aguilar, Krissy (February 5, 2021). "LIST: Priority groups for government's Covid-19 vaccination program". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  97. ^ a b c "Over a million already vaccinated, next in line for jabs bared". Manila Standard. April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  98. ^ "Who will be vaccinated first?". Government of the Phillipines. March 18, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  99. ^ a b "Judiciary workers move up jab list". Manila Standard. April 6, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  100. ^ a b "Filipino seafarers elevated in COVID-19 vaccination priority list - DOTr". ABS-CBN News. April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  101. ^ a b Cabico, Gaea Katreena (March 29, 2021). "DOH identifies comorbidities to be prioritized for COVID-19 inoculation". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  102. ^ "Local chief execs move up in COVID-19 vaccine priority list". CNN Philippines. March 20, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  103. ^ "46 sites recommended as COVID-19 vaccination centers – AFP". CNN Philippines. February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  104. ^ Mendiola, Ritchel (January 20, 2021). "Report: Black market for illegal COVID vaccines emerges in PH —". Asian Journal News. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  105. ^ Gonzales, Cathrine (March 30, 2021). "How to spot fake COVID-19 vaccines". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  106. ^ Gonzales, Cathrine (March 22, 2021). "Non-frontliners jumping COVID-19 vaccination queue – DOH official". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  107. ^ Hallare, Katrina (March 31, 2021). "DILG issues show-cause orders vs 13 local execs for jumping vaccination queue". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  108. ^ Punzalan, Jamaine (March 25, 2021). "DILG to issue show cause order vs Parañaque mayor over actor's COVID-19 vaccination". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  109. ^ Gulla, Vivienne (March 25, 2021). "Actor Mark Anthony Fernandez says 'no violation' in getting early COVID-19 vaccine". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  110. ^ Ramos, Christia Marie (March 22, 2021). "CHR raises concern over reports of non-frontliners jumping vax line". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  111. ^ Esguerra, Anthony (March 25, 2021). "Vaccine Line-Jumping in the Philippines Is Getting So Bad That WHO Might Punish the Country for It". Vice News. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  112. ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (March 26, 2021). "Amid line-jumpers, Drilon says gov't should ramp up vaccine supply". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  113. ^ Aurelio, Julie M. (March 28, 2021). "Lawmaker wants those mishandling vaccines, jumping the line penalized". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  114. ^ Ranada, Pia (February 24, 2021). "Mon Tulfo: Nothing wrong with Duterte asking for Sinopharm vaccines". Rappler. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  115. ^ "Duterte claims many in PH have received Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine". Manila Bulletin. December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  116. ^ a b "Vaccination probe: NBI counting on PSG chief's cooperation". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  117. ^ a b "PSG chief: 'I take full responsibility' for unregistered vaccine use". Rappler. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  118. ^ "COVID-19 vaccines used by PSG were 'smuggled', says defense chief". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  119. ^ "Presidential Security Group got coronavirus vaccines in September, says chief". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  120. ^ "Palace tells public: Just accept that some soldiers were vaccinated vs COVID-19". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  121. ^ "AFP: PSG members got vaccinated first to 'protect' Duterte from COVID-19". CNN Philippines. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  122. ^ "DOH, FDA not consulted on early vaccination of soldiers, officials". Rappler. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  123. ^ "Special envoy to China Mon Tulfo facing probe for illegal use of Sinopharm vaccines". CNN. February 24, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  124. ^ "Duterte bars PSG from baring info on unauthorized vaccine before Congress". Rappler. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  125. ^ "Senate probe into COVID-19 vaccines still on despite Duterte threat". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  126. ^ "While Duterte threatens 'crisis,' Senate vows to probe gov't vaccination program". Rappler. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  127. ^ "Gatchalian says nothing wrong giving vaccines to PSG: They are frontliners". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  128. ^ Aguilar, Krissy (May 3, 2021). "Duterte receives China's Sinopharm vaccine". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1021511368"