1984 Winter Olympics
 Logo of the 1984 Winter Olympics[a] | |
| Host city | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia |
|---|---|
| Nations | 49 |
| Athletes | 1,272 (998 men, 274 women) |
| Events | 39 in 6 sports (10 disciplines) |
| Opening | 8 February |
| Closing | 19 February |
| Opened by | |
| Cauldron | |
| Stadium | Koševo Stadium |
Winter Summer | |
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| Part of a series on |
The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games (French: XIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; Serbo-Croatian: XIV. zimske olimpijske igre / XIV Зимске олимпијске игре; Macedonian: XIV Зимски олимписки игри; Slovene: XIV olimpijske zimske igre) and commonly known as Sarajevo '84, was a winter multi-sport event held between 8 and 19 February 1984 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.[b] It was the first Winter Olympic Games held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country. It was the second consecutive Olympic Games to be held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country, after the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. It was also the first Olympics to take place in the Balkans since the first Olympic Games in Athens.
Host city selection[edit]
The host city for the XIV Olympic Winter Games was announced on 18 May 1978, during the 80th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Athens, Greece. Sarajevo was selected by a margin of three votes over Sapporo, Japan, which had hosted the Winter Games 12 years earlier. Gothenburg became the first Swedish city to lose a Winter Olympics bid; other Swedish cities, such as Falun and Östersund, would later lose consecutive bids to Calgary (1988), Albertville (1992), Lillehammer (1994), Nagano (1998), and Salt Lake City (2002), respectively. Sarajevo, the capital of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, was part of the united Yugoslavia at the time.
| City | Country | Round 1 | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sarajevo |  Yugoslavia |
31 | 39 |
| Sapporo |  Japan |
33 | 36 |
| Gothenburg |  Sweden |
10 | — |
Torch relay[edit]
The torch relay for the 1984 Winter Olympics started in Olympia and then proceeded by airplane to Dubrovnik. The total distance of the torch relay through Yugoslavia was 5,289 kilometres (3,286 mi) plus 2,879 kilometres (1,789 mi) of local routes. There were two main routes: one in the west (Split – Ljubljana – Zagreb – Sarajevo), 2,602 kilometres (1,617 mi) in length; and the other in the east (Skopje – Novi Sad – Belgrade – Sarajevo), 2,687 kilometres (1,670 mi) in length. The final torchbearer, from a total of 1600, was figure skater Sanda Dubravčić, who received the torch from skier runner Ivo Čarman. One of the two original torches is held in a private collection in Žalec, Slovenia. There are also 20 more torches in Greece, owned by individual athletes who were the torchbearers from Ancient Olympia to the nearby military airport and from Athens Domestic Airport to the Panathinaikon Stadium where the Ceremony of handing over the Olympic Flame to the Sarajevo Olympic Games Committee occurred.[citation needed]
Highlights[edit]
- The Olympic flag was raised upside down during the opening ceremony by mistake.[2]
- First Games under the presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch.
- The 20 kilometre race was added to women's Nordic skiing.
- Skier Jure Franko won Yugoslavia's first Winter Olympic medal; a silver in the giant slalom.[3]
- Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen won all three individual cross-country races for women.
- Gaétan Boucher and Karin Enke each won two gold medals in speed skating, while East German women won all but three out of the twelve medals in the sport.
- Austria, usually a formidable winter sports nation, won only one bronze medal.
- Biathletes Eirik Kvalfoss and Peter Angerer earned a complete set of medals.
- Twin brothers Phil and Steve Mahre took first and second place in the slalom.[4]
- Torvill and Dean of Great Britain earned across-the-board perfect scores for artistic impression in the free dance segment of the ice dance competition, a feat that was never matched.[5][c]
- The gold medals for figure skating were split among four nations: while Torvill and Dean won the ice dance competition for Great Britain, Elena Valova and Oleg Vasiliev of the Soviet Union won the pair skating competition, Scott Hamilton won gold for the United States in the men's singles, and Katarina Witt won the first of two consecutive gold medals for East Germany in the ladies' singles competition.
- Disabled skiing was a demonstration sport for the first time.
- Bill Johnson became the first American to win an Olympic downhill event.[6]
- Lamine Guèye of Senegal was the first Black African skier to compete in the Winter Olympics.
- The closing ceremony was held indoors in the figure skating venue. The next time the closing ceremony for the Winter Games was held indoors was the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Official mascot[edit]
Readers of Yugoslav newspapers were asked to choose the mascot for the 1984 Winter Olympics from a list of six finalists. The winner was Vučko, the little wolf, designed by Slovenian designer and illustrator Jože Trobec. The other finalists were a chipmunk, a lamb, a mountain goat, a porcupine, and a snowball.[7] The Vučko is a long-time symbol of Sarajevo.[citation needed]
Venues[edit]
City venues[edit]
- Koševo Stadium – Opening ceremony
- Zetra Ice Hall – figure skating, ice hockey (finals), closing ceremonies
- Zetra Ice Rink – speed skating
Skenderija Complex:
- Mirza Delibašić Hall – ice hockey and main press center
Mountain venues[edit]
- Bjelašnica – alpine skiing (men)
- Jahorina – alpine skiing (women)
- Igman, Veliko Polje – cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing), biathlon
- Igman Olympic Jumps – Nordic combined (ski jumping), ski jumping
- Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track at Mt. Trebević – bobsleigh, luge
Other facilities[edit]
- City Olympic Village, Mojmilo
- Press Village, Dobrinja
- Hotels: Igman (Igman), Famos (Bjelašnica), Smuk (Bjelašnica), Bistrica (Jahorina)
Competitive events[edit]
There were 39 events contested in 6 sports (10 disciplines).
|
|
Demonstration sport[edit]
Calendar[edit]
- All dates are in Central European Time (UTC+1)
| OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Event finals | CC | Closing ceremony |
| February | 7th Tue |
8th Wed |
9th Thu |
10th Fri |
11th Sat |
12th Sun |
13th Mon |
14th Tue |
15th Wed |
16th Thu |
17th Fri |
18th Sat |
19th Sun |
Events | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ceremonies |
OC | CC | N/A | ||||||||||||
 Alpine skiing
|
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||
 Biathlon
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||
 Bobsleigh
|
● | 1 | ● | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
 Cross country skiing
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||||||
 Figure skating
|
● | 1 | ● | 1 | ● | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
 Ice hockey
|
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | |||||||
 Luge
|
● | ● | ● | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
 Nordic combined
|
● | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
 Ski jumping
|
1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
 Speed skating
|
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | ||||||
| Daily medal events | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 39 | |||
| Cumulative total | 2 | 5 | 7 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 29 | 31 | 36 | 39 | ||||
| February | 7th Tue |
8th Wed |
9th Thu |
10th Fri |
11th Sat |
12th Sun |
13th Mon |
14th Tue |
15th Wed |
16th Thu |
17th Fri |
18th Sat |
19th Sun |
Total events | |
Medal count[edit]
These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1984 Winter Games.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  East Germany (GDR) | 9 | 9 | 6 | 24 |
| 2 |  Soviet Union (URS) | 6 | 10 | 9 | 25 |
| 3 |  United States (USA) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 |
| 4 |  Finland (FIN) | 4 | 3 | 6 | 13 |
| 5 |  Sweden (SWE) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 |  Norway (NOR) | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| 7 |  Switzerland (SUI) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 8 |  Canada (CAN) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
 West Germany (FRG) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| 10 |  Italy (ITA) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Totals (10 nations) | 38 | 34 | 30 | 102 | |
Podium sweeps[edit]
| Date | Sport | Event | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 February | Luge | Women's singles | East Germany
|
Steffi Walter-Martin | Bettina Schmidt | Ute Oberhoffner-Weiß |
| 15 February | Speed skating | Women's 3000 metres | East Germany
|
Andrea Schöne | Karin Enke | Gabi Schönbrunn |
Participants[edit]
A then record of 49 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) entered athletes at the 1984 Winter Olympic Games.
Egypt, Monaco, Puerto Rico, Senegal, and the British Virgin Islands participated in their 1st Winter Olympic Games.
The People's Republic of China ended its boycott of the Olympic Games over the controversy regarding the IOC's recognition of the Republic of China. The Republic of China (Taiwan) then competed as Chinese Taipei for the first time.
| Participating National Olympic Committees |
|---|
|
Gallery[edit]
1984 Soviet postage stamp
1984 Soviet postage stamp
1984 East German postage stamp
1984 East German postage stamp
Igman ski-jumping hills during spring
Yugoslavia postage stamps FDC (Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics)
Asim Ferhatovic Stadion (Koševo Stadium then)
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_1983,_MiNr_Block_074.jpg)
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See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The emblem symbolizes a stylized snowflake, as well as the embroidery produced in the Sarajevo region with the Olympic rings above.
- ^ Located in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ The 6.0 judging system has since been replaced with the ISU Judging System, therefore no other figure skater will earn perfect 6.0 scores in the future.
References[edit]
- ^ "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ Sarajevo Olympics 1984 opening ceremony on YouTube
- ^ "Giant Slalom Star Franko Thrills Yugoslavia". olympic.org. 14 February 1984. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Tagliabue, John (20 February 1984). "Mahre twins win slalom medals as the Olympics end in Sarajevo". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean: Perfection on ice". olympic.org. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Davison, Phil (5 February 2016). "Bill Johnson: First male skier from outside the Alpine nations to win Olympic downhill gold who later crashed disastrously". The Independent. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Those Loony Olympic Mascots, Time Olympics, 21 May 2010
Bibliography[edit]
- Organizing Committee (1984). Official Report of the 1984 Olympic Winter Games. Sarajevo: The Committee.
- Dunkelberger, Robert (2004). "Sarajevo 1984". In Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (eds.). Encyclopedia of the modern Olympic movement. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32278-3.
- Wallechinsky, David (2001). The complete book of the Winter Olympics (2002 ed.). Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 1-58567-195-9.
- Vallet, Stéphane (1988). Les Jeux olympiques d'hiver [The Winter Olympics] (in French). Lyon: La Manufacture. ISBN 2-7377-0057-4.
External links[edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1984 Winter Olympics. |
- "Sarajevo 1984". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
- Official Report from the Organizing Committee on the AAFLA website
- Olympic Review 1984 – Official results
- Official website
- The program of the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics
| Preceded by Lake Placid |
Winter Olympics Sarajevo XIV Olympic Winter Games (1984) |
Succeeded by Calgary |
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