COVID-19 vaccination in India

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COVID-19 vaccination programme
India Total Doses Administered by State.png
Per capita vaccination numbers for each state as of 31 May 2021 [a]
Date16 January 2021 (2021-01-16) – present
(157 days ago)
LocationIndia India
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic
TargetImmunisation of Indians against COVID-19
Budget₹35,000 crore (US$4.9 billion)[1]
Organised byGovernment of India
State governments of India
Indian Council of Medical Research
Participants
  • 236,681,488 people with at least one dose administered of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V
  • 52,084,713 people have been fully vaccinated with both doses of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V
Outcome
  • 17% of the Indian population has received at least one dose.
  • 4% of the Indian population has received both doses
Websitewww.mohfw.gov.in,
www.cowin.gov.in
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India began administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 16 January 2021 (156 days ago). As of 21 June 2021, India has administered 288,766,201 doses overall, including first and second doses of the currently-approved vaccines.[2][3]

Two vaccines received approval for emergency use in India at the onset of the programme; Covishield—a brand of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured by the Serum Institute of India, and Covaxin, which was developed by Bharat Biotech. In April 2021, the Indian government approved the Russian Sputnik V vaccine (which is distributed locally by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories) as a third vaccine, which began use in May 2021. On 21 June 2021, India vaccinated 8.4 million of its population in one day.[4]

Vaccination program[edit]

Graph of cumulative doses administered across the country[edit]

  Total vaccination doses administered across the country    vaccinated (1st dose only)    Fully vaccinated[b]

Graph of daily doses administered across the country[edit]

   Daily vaccinations (1st dose only)    Daily vaccinations (2nd dose only) [2] [5]

Vaccine administration by Gender[edit]

Vaccinations in India by gender as of June 22, 2021 (in millions) [6][7]

Vaccine administration by vaccine brand[edit]

Vaccines distributed listed in million as of 22 June 2021[6][7]

Vaccine administration by age group[edit]

Vaccination by age group as of 22 June 2021[6][7]
Age group Population
18-44
83,121,096
45-60
88,927,086
over 60
66,413,147

Background and timeline[edit]

A vaccination centre in Delhi.

Initial approvals, launch of vaccination program[edit]

In September 2020, India's science minister Harsh Vardhan stated that the country planned to approve and begin distribution of a vaccine by the first quarter of 2021.[8] The first recipients were to be 30 million health workers directly dealing with COVID patients.[9]

On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approved emergency use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (local trade name "Covishield").[10][11][12] On 2 January, the DCGI also granted an interim emergency use authorisation to BBV152 (trade name "Covaxin"), a domestic vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology.[13] This approval was met with some concern, as the vaccine had not then completed phase 3 clinical trials.[14] Due to this status, those receiving Covaxin were required to sign a consent form,[15] while some states chose to relegate Covaxin to a "buffer stock" and primarily distribute Covishield.[16]

COVID-19 vaccination roll out in AIIMS, New Delhi, India on 16 January 2021

India began its vaccination program on 16 January 2021, operating 3,006 vaccination centres on the onset.[17] Each vaccination centre will offer either Covishield or Covaxin, but not both.[18] 165,714 people were vaccinated on the first day of availability. Difficulties in uploading beneficiary lists at some sites caused delays.[19] In the first three days, 631,417 people were vaccinated. Of these, 0.18% reported side-effects and nine people (0.002%) were admitted to hospitals for observation and treatment.[20][21] Within those first days, there were concerns about low turnout, due to a combination of vaccine safety concerns, technical problems with the software used, and misinformation.[22]

The first phase of the rollout involved health workers and frontline workers including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers, and disaster management volunteers.[17] By 1 March, only 14 million healthcare and frontline workers had been vaccinated, falling short of the original goal of 30 million.[23]

Second phase[edit]

The next phase of the vaccine rollout covered all residents over the age of 60, residents between the ages of 45 and 60 with one or more qualifying comorbidities, and any health care or frontline worker that did not receive a dose during phase 1. Online registration began on 1 March via the Aarogya Setu app and Co-WIN ("Winning over COVID-19") website.[24][25][26] Amid the beginnings of a major second wave of infections in the country,[27][28][29] vaccine exports were suspended in March 2021, and the government ordered 110 million Covishield doses from SII.[30] The company aims to produce 100 million doses per month, but by May 2021 its production capacity was only 60–70 million doses.[31][32] Following the conclusion of its trial, the DCGI issued a standard emergency use authorisation to Covaxin on 11 March 2021.[33]

From 1 April, eligibility was extended to all residents over the age of 45.[34] On 8 April, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for a four-day Teeka Utsav ("Vaccine Festival") from 11 to 14 April, with a goal to increase the pace of the program by vaccinating as many eligible residents as possible. By the end of the Utsav, India had reached a total of over 111 million vaccine doses to-date.[35][36][37]

Third phase, Sputnik V approval[edit]

On 12 April, the DCGI approved Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for emergency use in India. A phase 3 trial had been conducted in the country in September 2020, which showed 91.6% efficacy.[38] The local distributor Dr. Reddy's Laboratories stated that it planned to have the vaccine available in India by late-May 2021.[39]

On 19 April, it was announced that the next phase of the vaccine program would begin on 1 May, extending eligibility to all residents over the age of 18. Under phase 3, individual stakeholders were also given more flexibility in how they conduct the vaccine program. As part of this plan, only half of the vaccines supplied by manufacturers to the Central Drugs Laboratory would be distributed by the central government. This supply would go to government-run clinics and be offered free-of-charge to residents 45 and over and priority workers, and siphoned off to states based on factors such as the number of active cases and how quickly they are administering vaccines. The remainder would be offered to individual states and purchased on the open market (including private hospitals), which would be able to serve residents over the age of 18.[40][41][42]

Registration for the next phase began on 28 April; a single-day record of nearly 13.3 million people registered.[43] Due to supply issues, several states, including Delhi, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh announced that they would delay their wider rollouts of vaccines to later in the month.[44] The initial shipment of 150,000 Sputnik V doses arrived on 1 May, and began to be administered on 14 May.[45][46][47] An estimated 156 million doses is expected between August and December; initially, doses will be sourced from Russia, but domestic production is expected to begin by August 2021.[48][49][50]

On 13 May, the DCGI approved phase 2 and phase 3 trials of Covaxin among children 2–18.[51] On 14 May, health officials projected that based on the anticipated approval of additional vaccine options, it could receive at least 2.17 billion more vaccine doses from August to December 2021.[52][53] On 25 May, India exceeded 200 million vaccine doses administered in total.[54] On 3 June, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare pre-ordered 300 million doses of a potential fourth vaccine, Corbevax, which is undergoing phase 3 clinical trials.[55]

On 7 June, PM Narendra Modi announced that the union government would purchase vaccines in bulk and supply them to states free of charge. This followed demands from multiple chief ministers that the centre bear the cost of vaccinating people in the 18-44 age group.[56] He also announced that, the Government of India also capped the service charge of vaccination in private hospitals to be not more than ₹150 (US$2.10).[57]

New vaccination regime[edit]

On 21 June 2021, the first day of the new centralised vaccination policy announced by the Indian government, a record of about 8.5 million doses were inoculated, highest ever since the vaccination drive started.[58][59] Madhya Pradesh topped the list with 1.6 million doses, [60] followed by Karnataka with 1.1 million doses.[61]

Vaccine development and distribution[edit]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visiting the Serum Institute of India on 28 November 2020.

As of early May 2020, there were over 30 vaccine candidates in development in India, many of which were already in pre-clinical trials.[62]

The Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII) is the world's largest vaccine maker, and this existing capacity enabled India to be a major participant in the COVAX program to distribute vaccines to developing countries.[63] In February 2020, SII had begun animal trials of vaccine candidates.[64] SII announced in April 2020 that it would apply for clinical trials from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) in April 2020. SII president Adar Poonawalla said that a vaccine would be delivered within a year, but projected an efficacy between 70 and 80%.[65]

In August 2020, SII received approvals for phase 2 and phase 3 trials of its version of a vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford's Vaccitech.[66] SII joined GAVI in a partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to produce 100 million doses of vaccine for developing countries.[67] The SII planned to manufacture 1.5 and 2.5 billion doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine per-year under the trade name "Covishield".[68] By its approval in January 2021, the company had stockpiled 50 million doses, but well short of its own target of 400 million.[69][70] The government ordered 21 million doses to be delivered by February, but the company said no indication of any further orders were given.[30] The company began to export the remaining stocks instead.[68]

Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech, in collaboration with U.S.-based FluGen, expected to begin the first clinical trials of a nasal vaccine by late-2020.[71] The Indian Council of Medical Research partnered with Bharat Biotech in May 2020 to develop a COVID vaccine entirely within India.[72] In June 2020, it received DCGI approval to begin phase 1 and phase 2 trials on its vaccine, BBV152 (trade name "Covaxin").[73] In September 2020, it was reported that in pre-clinical trials on animals, Covaxin was able to build immunity.[74] On 3 March 2021, Bharat Biotech reported that Covaxin showed an efficacy of 81% in its phase 3 trial.[75] On 20 April 2021, Bharat Biotech announced that it had expanded its production capabilities for Covaxin to 700 million doses per-year.[76]

Cadila Healthcare began vaccine development in March 2020, including a viral vector vaccine and a DNA plasmid vaccine.[77][78] In mid-July 2020, Cadila held early human trials of its vaccine candidate ZyCoV-D,[79] and received approval for phase 3 trials in January 2021.[80][81] It began large-scale production in April 2021, with Cadila expecting to receive emergency authorisation between May and June 2021.[82]

In September 2020, Dr. Reddy's partnered with the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) to conduct phase 3 trials of the Sputnik V vaccine in India, and to distribute the vaccine there once approved.[83][84] In April 2021, RDIF CEO Kirill Dmitriev told NDTV that they had "five great manufacturers in India" who would be producing the vaccine, and felt that the country could become Sputnik V's "production hub" for use and export.[85] Dr. Reddy's is also working with the RDIF on approval of "Sputnik Light"—a regiment of Sputnik V consisting only of the first dose.[50]

In April 2021, phase 3 clinical trials were approved for another vaccine, Corbevax, a protein subunit that is being developed by BioE, the Baylor College of Medicine, and Dynavax Technologies.[55][86]

Global distribution[edit]

Main article: Vaccine Maitri
A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
A vial of Covaxin

In January 2021, India began a humanitarian initiative known as Vaccine Maitri (vaccine friendship), which aims to leverage the country's pharmaceutical industry to export Indian-manufactured vaccines to other countries.[87][88] The Ministry of External Affairs stated that since 20 January, India had donated over 5.5 million vaccines to neighbouring countries such as Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nepal, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and that the country was also planning to send doses to Africa, Nicaragua, Oman, the Caribbean Community, and the COVAX programme, and to distribute vaccines to other countries via commercial exports.[89][90]

A spokesperson of the MEA stated that "In line with the prime minister's announcement that India sees international cooperation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic as its duty, we have played the role of the first responder in our neighbourhood as well as undertaken supplies to countries beyond."[89][90] In response to these donations, Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres stated that he "strongly hope[s] that India will have all the instruments that are necessary to play a major role in making sure that a global vaccination is campaign is made possible", and went on to say that "I think that the production capacity of India is the best asset that the world has today. I hope the world understands that it must be fully used."[91]

As of 10 March 2021, India had distributed over 58 million vaccine doses to 65 nations through the scheme,[88] but due to India's domestic need for vaccines, these exports were suspended later in March and the suspension was expected to continue throughout 2021.[92]

Vaccine on order[edit]

Vaccine Status Production Capacity Planned Capacity Doses ordered Approval Deployment
Covishield Green check.svg In use 840 million [93] - 750 million [94] Green check.svg 01 January 2021[95] Green check.svg 16 January 2021[96]
Covaxin Green check.svg In use 700 million [97] - 550 million [94] Green check.svg 03 January 2021[98] Green check.svg 16 January 2021[96]
Sputnik V Green check.svg In use 140 million - 156 million [94] Green check.svg 12 April 2021[38] Green check.svg 14 May 2021[99]
ZyCoV-D Phase III trials - 240 million [100] - Awaiting Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Corbevax Phase III trials - 960 million [101] 300 million [102] Awaiting Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Covovax Phase III trials - - 200 million [94] Awaiting Dark Red x.svg Not yet

Vaccines in trial stage[edit]

Vaccine Type (technology) Phase I Phase II Phase III No. of Participants in Clinical Trial Planned Capacity
ZyCoV-D DNA (plasmid expressing SARS‑CoV‑2 S protein) Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed In progress 30,000[103] 240 million [101]
Bio E COVID-19 (Corbevax) Subunit (using an antigen) Green check.svg Completed Green check.svg Completed In progress 1,628 [105] 960 million [101]
HGC019 RNA In progress Pending Pending 120 [106] 60 million [101]
BBV154 Adenovirus vector (intranasal) In progress Pending Pending 175 [107] 100 million[101]

Vaccination rollout statistics by State or UT[edit]

State/union territory Population (2011 census) 1st dose 2nd dose Cumulative doses administered Percentage of people given at least one dose Percentage of people fully vaccinated
121.06 crores 23,85,86,187 5,12,69,269 28,98,55,456 20% 4%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3,80,581 1,19,426 15,442 1,34,868 31% 4%
Andhra Pradesh 4,95,77,103 97,97,330 26,45,044 1,24,42,374 20% 5%
Arunachal Pradesh 13,83,727 3,74,323 79,433 4,53,756 27% 6%
Assam 3,12,05,576 40,81,464 10,02,414 50,83,878 13% 3%
Bihar 10,40,99,452 1,09,79,659 19,86,711 1,29,66,370 11% 2%
Chandigarh 10,55,450 3,55,583 76,392 4,31,975 34% 7%
Chhattisgarh 2,55,45,198 61,88,632 12,02,138 73,90,770 24% 5%
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3,43,709 1,25,534 12,151 1,37,685 37% 4%
Daman and Diu 2,43,247 1,38,538 14,524 1,53,062 57% 6%
Delhi 16,787,941 48,12,748 15,36,175 63,48,923 29% 9%
Goa 14,58,545 6,08,814 99,642 7,08,456 42% 7%
Gujarat 6,04,39,692 1,65,98,184 47,00,422 2,12,98,606 27% 8%
Haryana 2,53,51,462 67,98,865 12,09,939 80,08,804 27% 5%
Himachal Pradesh 68,64,602 23,03,730 4,37,077 27,40,807 34% 6%
Jammu and Kashmir 1,22,67,032 5,91,612 5,91,612 38,55,823 27% 5%
Jharkhand 3,29,88,134 45,67,033 8,58,242 54,25,275 14% 3%
Karnataka 6,10,95,297 1,47,23,311 31,24,342 1,78,47,653 24% 5%
Kerala 3,34,06,061 94,84,076 23,87,717 1,18,71,793 28% 7%
Ladakh 2,74,000 1,59,251 37,436 1,96,687 58% 14%
Lakshadweep 64,473 43,215 7,109 50,324 67% 11%
Madhya Pradesh 7,26,26,809 1,29,12,794 20,39,988 1,49,52,782 18% 3%
Maharashtra 11,23,74,333 2,15,51,329 53,72,219 2,69,23,548 19% 5%
Manipur 25,70,390 4,84,446 71,804 5,56,250 19% 3%
Meghalaya 29,66,889 4,88,028 74,340 5,62,953 16% 3%
Mizoram 10,97,206 3,57,803 52,635 4,10,438 33% 5%
Nagaland 19,78,502 3,29,521 52,827 3,82,348 17% 3%
Odisha 4,19,74,219 77,28,962 17,49,729 94,78,691 18% 4%
Puducherry 12,47,953 3,13,751 54,602 3,68,353 25% 4%
Punjab 2,77,43,338 51,36,354 8,36,980 59,73,334 19% 3%
Rajasthan 6,85,48,437 1,69,10,474 33,65,106 2,02,75,580 25% 5%
Sikkim 6,10,577 2,71,881 59,876 3,31,757 45% 10%
Tamil Nadu 7,21,47,030 96,81,761 22,16,577 1,18,98,338 13% 3%
Telangana 3,50,03,674 73,01,566 13,64,764 86,66,330 21% 4%
Tripura 36,73,917 12,62,230 5,26,702 17,88,932 34% 14%
Uttar Pradesh 19,98,12,341 2,06,67,368 39,47,686 2,46,15,054 10% 2%
Uttarakhand 1,00,86,292 27,50,630 7,24,798 34,75,428 27% 7%
West Bengal 9,12,76,115 1,42,56,345 41,47,260 1,84,03,605 16% 5%
Miscellaneous — 17,30,270 17,30,270 32,28,151 — —
As of June 18, 2021 7:00 AM IST[108]

The Vaccination by state[edit]

Andhra Pradesh[edit]

Andhra Pradesh had received 370,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 of Covaxin. It was decided that only Covishield would be administered. The state aims to vaccinate 32,000 people a day. However, on the first two days, only 61 and 47.8 per cent of those days' targets could be vaccinated. There were two cases of adverse events, but neither required hospitalization.[109] On 20 June 2021, the state government made a vaccination drive, in which 13,68,049 people were vaccinated.[110] It is a single-day vaccination record by any Indian state till now.[111] 7 out 13 districts in the state have administered more than 1 lakh doses.[112]

Bihar[edit]

Bihar received 569,000 doses of the vaccine. 4,64,160 health workers had registered for the vaccine, and the state expects to vaccinate 30,000 people a day across 300 sites. Some doctors had doubts about the efficacy of Covaxin and refused to take it.[113]

Chattisgarh[edit]

One person was admitted to hospital following complications, but was later discharged.[20]

Delhi[edit]

Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Harsh Vardhan at a hospital in Shahdara, reviewing preparations for the vaccine program.
Health care workers administering the covid-19 vaccination in New Delhi on 16 January 2021

4,319 health workers were administered the vaccine on the first day, and there were 51 minor and one major cases of adverse effects.[114] By day three, four people had been admitted to hospitals following complications, of which three had been later discharged.[20]

Karnataka[edit]

Karnataka Health Minister K. Sudhakar announced on 9 January that the state would be given 13.9 lakh (1.39 million) doses of Covishield in two batches. 6.3 lakh (630,000) health workers had registered for the vaccine.[115] Two people were admitted to hospital following complications; one person was later discharged.[20] A 43-year old vaccine recipient in Ballari died of a heart stroke two days after the jab.[116]

Kerala[edit]

Kerala initially received 433,500 doses of Covishield, and an additional batch of 360,500 Covishield doses were announced three days later. In total, 459,853 people from the state registered for the vaccine, including 1,75,673 healthcare workers from state-run hospitals, 199,937 from private hospitals, 2,932 from federal hospitals, 74,711 police staff and 6,600 municipal workers. A total of 24,558 healthcare workers were vaccinated on the first three days. No adverse reactions were reported.[117] After vaccinating 3.75 lakh health workers by 11 February, the focus of the campaign shifted to other front-line staff such as police and municipal workers. The second dose was provided from 15 February onwards.[118]

In order to create public confidence in the vaccine, several prominent officials and politicians took the vaccine. This includes Health Minister KK Shailaja,[119] Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan,[120] state police chief Lokanath Behera,[121] former Chief Minister VS Achuthanandan[122] and Thiruvananthapuram District Collector Navajoth Khosa.[121] By 21 February, 3,36,327 health workers and 57,658 other frontline staff had been vaccinated, and Kerala requested more vaccines from the national pool.[123]

Vaccination of senior citizens and people over 45 with pre-existing conditions began in March. In addition, vaccines ere also provided to government employees involved in running the upcoming state elections. Since the online registration system was not accessible to everyone, and particularly to senior citizens, vaccination was also provided without prior registration. Asha workers would help senior citizens in finding and booking slots at the nearest vaccination centre. District and Taluk hospitals and Primary Health Centres would provide vaccinations, in addition to selected private hospitals and special vaccination camps.[124]

Kerala was affected by the nationwide shortage of vaccines in mid-April, with stocks falling to 7.22 lakh doses. For example, in Palakkad district, nearly half the camps were not in operational condition due to vaccine shortage. Vaccination centres were directed to use the remaining stocks to vaccinate front-line workers.[125] Vaccination of people in the 18-44 age group with certain medical conditions began in early May, and that of all people in the 40-44 age group began on June 4. These would be provided in public hospitals.[126]

Madhya Pradesh[edit]

As of June 2, 2021. Madhya Pradesh vaccination has administered more than 1 crore vaccine doses. The pace of immunization has picked up and there are more than 2.0 lakh doses being administered daily.[127]

Due to a shortage of vaccines, the Madhya Pradesh health department has raised a tender estimated at Rs 50.0 Crores which will be open for bidding from 8th June to 22nd June 2021.[128] Other States such as Karnataka have launched similar efforts which have garnered little success. In Cities, government is making efforts to vaccinate the population by using drive-in vaccination centers.[129] .Some government departments are pushing their own employees by bringing in policies such as No Vaccine, No Pay.[130]  

In Rural Madhya Pradesh, Immunisation efforts have been marred by rumors and resistance by locals.[131][132]

Maharashtra[edit]

COVID-19 vaccination queue on May 1st 2021 in Nagpur

Maharashtra received 963,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 doses of Covaxin. 785,000 health workers had registered to get the vaccination. 14,883 health workers in Maharashtra given COVID-19 vaccine on Tuesday[133] In Mumbai, only 1,926 people could be vaccinated on the first day, due to a combination of low turnout and technical problems with the software. The vaccination drive was temporarily suspended due to the technical glitches in the software alerting people to their vaccination appointments.[22]

Odisha[edit]

Odisha had received doses of both Covishield and Covaxin. The first vaccine dose was given to a sanitation worker on 16 January.[134] Covishield is the predominant vaccine used in Odisha. All the districts use Covishield to vaccinate their people. The only exception being Khurda where both covaxin and covishield are used to vaccinate people.[135]

Punjab[edit]

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India § Covid-19 vaccination rollout in Punjab[edit]

Phase 1a Health Minister Balbir Singh Sidhu announced around 1.60 lakh health workers in Punjab will receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the first phase, after that frontline worker and then people over the age of 50 or with co-morbid conditions. Vaccination inoculation of healthcare workers has been started in Punjab on 16-01-2021 at 59 designated sites across all the state.[136]

Phase 1b Vaccination of the frontline worker including police, local bodies, disaster management, rural development and panchayats and revenue departments will be starting from 1 February 2021.[137]

Phase 2 On 1 March 2021, Punjab will start its phase II of vaccination for senior citizens and below the 60s people with co-morbid conditions.[138]

Phase 3 On 1 April 2021, all people above the age of 45 are now eligible in this phase.

Officials of Jalandhar Civil Hospital hand over the vaccine to the staff of community health centre
Order Priority group Number eligible (estimated) Number of inoculated (1st dose) Number of inoculated (2nd dose)
1 Healthcare professionals, both government and private 160,000 [139] 152,185 67,169
2 Frontline worker including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers & disaster management volunteers 300,000 [140] 264,796 50,946
3 People above 60 years and those aged below 50 with co-morbid conditions 300,000 726,981 8,540
4 all those above 45 years of age
Total (1st Dose) 1,201,737
Total (2nd Dose) 126,499
As of 2021-April-5
COVID-19 vaccinations in Punjab, June 22, 2021
Vaccine Progress Doses ordered for India Doses allocated for Punjab Approval Deployment
Oxford-AstraZeneca Green check.svg Phase III clinical trials 500 million[141] 1,780,000 Green check.svg 01 January 2021[142] Green check.svg 16 January 2021[143]
Covaxin Green check.svg Phase III clinical trials 10 million 137,000 [144] 01 January 2021(restricted)[145] Green check.svg Yes
  • Please note that this data is interim, so, the information is subject to change as per new official updates from health officials

Rajasthan[edit]

On 3 January 2021, the state conducted its first round of dry run for COVID vaccination in 7 districts.[146] On 13 January, Rajasthan received the first consignment of COVID-19 vaccines at Jaipur and Udaipur, which included Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and Serum Institute of India's Covishield.[147] The vaccines were then transported to state and district level storage centres.

On 16 January, as a part of nationwide vaccination programme, the first dose of the vaccines were given to selected frontline health workers at 167 sites across the state.[148] In a review meeting held in January 2021 by the state government, the state head of World Health Organization said that Rajasthan is the best state in terms of preparation for COVID vaccination.[149] The second dose of the vaccine started from 15 February.[150]

By April 13, the state had administered 1 crore doses of vaccine.[151] On 14 April, a theft of 320 doses of Covaxin was reported from a government hospital in Jaipur.[152]

Since the central government did not agree to absorb vaccine costs, the state government announced free vaccines for the age group 18-45 from 1st May.[153][154] But the rollout was limited to 11 districts only due to shortage of vaccines.[155] Since May 10, every district in Rajasthan started opening slots for 18-45 age group.[156]

Tamil Nadu[edit]

Tamil Nadu received 536,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 doses of Covaxin.[157]

Uttarakhand[edit]

One person was admitted to hospital following complications regarding vaccine, but was later discharged.[20]

Uttar Pradesh[edit]

Uttar Pradesh was the first state to vaccinate over 20 lakh people.[158] Uttar Pradesh received 11,796,780 doses, it consumed 10,261,718 of them, and has 2,211,000 in the pipeline.[159]

West Bengal[edit]

The third phase of vaccination commenced from 5 May 2021.[160] The state government had procured one lakh Covaxin doses and 3.5 lakh Covishield doses on its own for the phase 3 immunization.[161]

Adverse events[edit]

Like many other vaccinations, Covid-19 vaccines also have a risk of causing side-effects. According to India's federal Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the most common side-effects include pain or swelling at the injection site, fever, irritability and headaches.[162] The UK Government also lists fatigue, nausea and joint pain as common side-effects of the Oxford vaccine (known as Covishield in India).[163] Medical experts maintain that vaccines used are safe and their benefits outweigh the risks. It is also important to note that adverse cases do not necessarily have a causal relationship with the vaccines.[164]

A total of 617 serious adverse events were reported until March 29. Of these, 180 cases resulted in death. The Immunisation Technical Support Unit at the federal health ministry examined 192000 case reports, including 12400 deaths. In more than half of the examined cases of death, the cause of death was found to be acute coronary syndrome. However, the documentation had been completed only in 3500 cases.[165]

On 15 June 2021, MoHFW confirmed the first death case after COVID vaccination of a 68-year-old man due to Anaphylaxis.[166][167][168]

By June 7, 26,000 adverse events had been reported following immunisation. Of this, 24,901 were minor, 412 were significant and 887 were serious. 488 deaths were also reported, including 301 men and 178 women (details of 9 deaths were not available). Both vaccines had an adverse reaction rate of about 0.01% and a fatality rate around 0.0001% - 24,703 events and 457 deaths from 21 crore Covishield injections, and 1,497 events and 20 deaths following 2.5 crore Covaxin injections. Maharashtra reported the most adverse events (4,521), followed by Kerala (4,074), Karnataka (2,650) and West Bengal (1,456).[164][169]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Union territories of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir not represented properly in the map
  2. ^ Recipients have received both doses

External links[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_in_India&oldid=1029922319"