Vaccine Maitri

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Countries that received doses of the Indian-made Covishield and Covaxin as of 6 March 2021

Vaccine Maitri (English: Vaccine Friendship)[1] is a humanitarian and commercial initiative undertaken by the Indian government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to countries around the world.[2] The government started providing vaccines from 20 January 2021. As of 9 April 2021, India had delivered around 64.5 million doses of vaccines to 85 countries.[3] Of these, 10.5 million doses were gifted to 45 countries by the Government of India. The remaining 54 million were supplied by the Serum Institute of India under its commercial and COVAX obligations. In late March 2021, the government temporarily froze exports of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, citing India's own COVID crisis and the domestic need for these vaccines.[4]

Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (Indian version) 2021 L.jpeg

While speaking at the UN General Assembly high-level panel on the human rights situation in Syria, India pledged help the United Nations to vaccinate Syria through the Vaccine Maitri policy, as Syria is facing a dire situation compounded by COVID-19, winterisation and food insecurity.[5]

200,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were gifted by India to the UN peacekeepers on 27 March to be distributed to all peacekeeping missions.[6]

Vaccines[edit]

India has two approved COVID-19 vaccines: Covishield and Covaxin. Both of them were exported and used in foreign grants by the Government of India.

A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
A vial of Covaxin

Covishield[edit]

On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India, approved the emergency or conditional use of Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (marketed as Covishield).[7] Covishield is developed by the University of Oxford and its spin-out company, Vaccitech.[8] It’s a viral vector vaccine based on replication-deficient Adenovirus that causes cold in Chimpanzees. It can be stored, transported and handled at normal refrigerated conditions (two-eight degrees Celsius/ 36-46 degrees Fahrenheit). It has a shelf-life of at least six months.

Covaxin[edit]

On 2 January 2021, BBV152 (marketed as Covaxin), first Indian vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its emergency or conditional usage.[9] However, this approval was met with some concern as the vaccine had not then completed phase-3 trials.[10] On 3 March 2021, Bharat Biotech announced that interim results of covaxin showed the 81% efficacy. Trial was conducted on the 25,800 people in India.[11]

Vaccine supply[edit]

India kicked off international shipment of the vaccines on 20 January 2021, only four days after starting its own vaccination program.[12] Bhutan and Maldives were the first countries to receive vaccines as a grant by India. This was quickly followed by shipments to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Seychelles.[12] By mid-March 2021, India was also supplying vaccines on a commercial basis to countries including Canada,[13] the UK,[14] and Saudi Arabia.[15]

The Serum Institute of India was selected as a key supplier of cost-effective COVID-19 vaccines to the COVAX initiative.[16] Several million doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine AZD1222 were supplied by India to various countries through the COVAX initiative.[17]

In May, when COVAX was already short 140 million doses,[18] the Serum Institute announced that it expected to maintain its suspension of vaccine deliveries to COVAX through the end of 2021.[19]

Bangladesh ordered 30 million doses of Covishield and Indian government has given 3.2 million doses to Bangladesh as a gift but India failed to deliver most of the doses as per time line of the commercial agreement. India even failed timely delivery of 15 million doses from the commercial agreement even thought Bangladesh paid in advance for it.[20] As a result, 1.3 million citizens of Bangladesh could not get the second dose of this vaccine after the first dose. Bangladesh then looked for alternative vaccine sources because India did not supply the vaccine as per the agreement.[21]

Vaccines exported[edit]

As of 29 March 2021, India had exported 58 million doses to more than 65 nations.[22] As of 15 March 2021, India had also donated over 8 million doses to 37 countries.[17]

Recipient Country[2] Units Received date Notes
 United Nations 200,000 27 March 2021 A gift by India for UN peacekeepers reached Copenhagen, Denmark to be distributed to all UN peacekeeping missions.[23]
 Bangladesh 10,200,000[24] 21 January 2021
25 January 2021
22 February 2021 		7,000,000 from commercial deal, 3,200,000 as gift.[25]
 Myanmar 3,700,000
   Nepal 2,000,000
 Bhutan 150,000 20 January 2021 The start of Vaccine Maitri[26]
 Maldives 200,000
 Mauritius 200,000
 Seychelles 50,000
 Sri Lanka 1,000,000
 Bahrain 100,000
 Brazil 4,000,000
 Morocco 7,000,000 22 January 2021
11 February 2021
24 February 2021[25]
 Oman 100,000
 Egypt 50,000
 Algeria 50,000
 South Africa 1,000,000 1 February 2021[27] Vaccine Suspended due to 501Y.V2 and sold to African Union Members.
 Kuwait 200,000
 United Arab Emirates 200,000
 Afghanistan 500,000 9 March 2021[28]
 Barbados 100,000
 Mexico 870,000
 Dominican Republic 50,000
 Dominica 50,000
 Saudi Arabia 3,000,000
 El Salvador 20,000
 Argentina 580,000
 Serbia 150,000 21 February 2021[29]
 Mongolia 150,000
 Ukraine 500,000
 Ghana 600,000 24 February 2021[30]
 Ivory Coast 450,000
 Saint Lucia 25,000
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 20,000
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 40,000
 Suriname 50,000
 Antigua and Barbuda 40,000
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,716,000
 Angola 624,000
 Nigeria 3,924,000 2 March 2021[31][32]
 Cambodia 324,000
 Kenya 1,020,000
 Lesotho 36,000
 Rwanda 240,000
 Senegal 324,000
 Guatemala 524,000
 Canada 500,000 Only G7 country to receive vaccines under this initiative[33]
 Iran 150,000 11 March 2021
 Guyana 80,000 7 March 2021[25]
 Benin 11 March 2021
 Eswatini 11 March 2021
 Jamaica 50,000 9 March 2021
 Bahamas 20,000 10 March 2021[34]
 Uzbekistan 660,000 17 March 2021
 Fiji 100,000 29 March 2021[35]
 Albania 50,000 18 April 2021[36]

International reaction[edit]

International organizations[edit]

  •  WHO: WHO Chief Tedros Adhanom has thanked India and its Prime Minister Narendra Modi for sharing the crucial commodity, COVID-19 vaccine, across the world in pandemic-ridden times. He also added that "India's commitment to COVAX and sharing COVID-19 vaccine doses is helping more than 60 countries to start vaccinating their health workers and other priority groups."[37]
  • IMF: IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath lauded India for playing a key role during the crisis by dispatching vaccines to many countries. She said "I also want to mention that India really stands out in terms of its vaccine policy. If you look at where exactly is one manufacturing hub for vaccines in the world – that will be India."[38]

Countries[edit]

  •  Jamaica[39] of the OACPS has thanked Indian efforts in delivering vaccines to developing and least developed countries.
  •  St. Lucia on behalf of CARICOM thanked India for providing vaccine supplies to them.[39][40]
  •  Guatemala President Alejandro Giammattei thanked the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and External Affair Minister of India S. Jaishankar for accepting the call of assistance to supply Covishield vaccines from India.[37]
  •  Barbados Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley thanked Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the supply of "Made in India" COVID-19 vaccines. She tweeted, "PM Modi made it possible for more than 40,000 persons in Barbados and tens of thousands elsewhere, to receive their 1st dose of COVISHIELD via Vaccine Maitri before receiving his. A genuine demonstration of generosity. Thank you and we wish you continued good health."[41]
  •  Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne had thanked Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi "for demonstrating an act of benevolence, kindness and empathy", for sending vaccines to Caribbean countries.[42]
  •  Canada: After India sent 500,000 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to Canada, billboards with pictures of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and thanking India were put up in the Greater Toronto area. The billboards hailed the Canada-India friendship .[43]

Other Institutions[edit]

  • Dr Peter Hotez, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, said "The rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine is 'India's gift' to the world in combating coronavirus and will be remembered as a time when the country stepped up in a major way as a global player in innovation [and] the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines by India in collaboration with leading global institutions has 'rescued the world' from the deadly coronavirus and the contributions by the country must not be underestimated."[44][45]

Leaders who received vaccines provided by India[edit]

Gallery[edit]

  • COVID-19 vaccine from India arrives at Seychelles.

  • Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil

  • Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Vaccine Maitri: Consignment of covid vaccines airlifted for Guyana, Jamaica". mint. Retrieved 27 April 2021. Unknown parameter |Date= ignored (|date= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b "Vaccine Maitri: A Sanjeevini for the world". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India". Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India.
  4. ^ "Coronavirus: India temporarily halts Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine exports". BBC News. 24 March 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  5. ^ "India Pledges Support To UN To Ensure Syria Gets Covid Vaccines". NDTV.com. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  6. ^ India's 'gift' to UN peacekeepers: 200,000 Covid vaccine doses, Mint, 26 March 2021.
  7. ^ "COVID-19 vaccine Covishield gets approval from DCGI's expert panel". The Hindu. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  8. ^ "AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine authorised for emergency supply in the UK". AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use". News18. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  10. ^ Prasad, R (15 January 2020). "Vaccine dilemma – to take or not to take Covaxin". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Covaxin showed 81% efficacy in third phase trials, says Bharat Biotech". scroll. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  12. ^ a b Bhattacherjee, Kallol (20 January 2021). "Coronavirus | India begins COVID-19 vaccine shipment for six countries-IN". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  13. ^ "Covid-19: Canada receives 500,000 doses of Covishield vaccine made in India". Hindustan Times. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  14. ^ Acharya, Bhargav (3 March 2021). "UK to receive 10 million AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine doses from India's Serum Institute". Reuters. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  15. ^ Das, Krishna N. (26 January 2021). "Exclusive: Saudi Arabia to get three million AstraZeneca shots in about a week from India". Reuters. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  16. ^ "WHO-led Covax vaccine scheme agrees to new supply deal with Serum Institute of India". The Indian Express. 3 February 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India". Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India.
  18. ^ Mazumdar, Tulip (17 May 2021). "India's Covid crisis hits Covax vaccine-sharing scheme". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  19. ^ Findlay, Stephanie; Pilling, David (18 May 2021). "Indian vaccine maker extends freeze on export of Covid jabs". Financial Times. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Covid-19: Why the crisis in vaccines? use". Prothom Alo. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Bangladesh approves China's Sinopharm Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use". Dhaka Tribune. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  22. ^ "Vaccine maitri: 5.8 crore Made-in-India Covid vaccine doses supplied to over 65 nations". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  23. ^ https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-sends-200000-covid-19-vaccines-as-gift-for-un-peacekeepers-un-officials-express-gratitude-2400033
  24. ^ "Vaccine Maitri: Bangladesh only country in the world to receive 9 mn vaccine doses; PM Modi to visit Dhaka". Financial Express. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  25. ^ a b c "Guyana Receives 80,000 Doses Of 'Made In India' COVID-19 Vaccines Under 'Vaccine Maitri'". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  26. ^ "50 days of vaccine diplomacy with 60 mn doses to 70 countries". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  27. ^ "First AstraZeneca-vaccines arrive in South Africa". The Mail & Guardian. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  28. ^ "Afghanistan Receives Consignment Of Made-In-India Covid-19 Vaccines Under Vaccine Maitri". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  29. ^ "India Sends Domestically Produced Vaccines To Serbia: 'Buttressing Our Bond With Belgrade'". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  30. ^ "Ghana Receives 6L Doses Of Made-in-India COVID Vaccines Under 'Vaccine Maitri' Programme". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Nigeria Receives Consignment Of 'Made In India' Covid-19 Vaccines Under 'Vaccine Maitri'". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  32. ^ "Nigeria Receives 'Made In India' Covid-19 Vaccines Under 'Vaccine Maitri'". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  33. ^ "Canada receives first shipment of 5 lakh COVID-19 vaccine doses from Serum Institute". Business Today. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Bahamas gets 20,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccines from India". The Associate Times. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  35. ^ "Fiji PM Twitter". Frank Bainamarama. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  36. ^ 50,000 doza të vaksinës AstraZeneca (in Albanian). Edi Rama Youtube Channel.
  37. ^ a b "Guatemala President Thanks PM Modi As India Donates 2,00,000 Doses Of COVID-19 Vaccine". The Republic World. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  38. ^ "India 'at forefront' in fighting COVID-19; 'stands out' in vaccine policy, says IMF's Gita Gopinath". Business Today. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  39. ^ a b "African, Caribbean nations support India at WTO on COVID-19 vaccine supplies". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  40. ^ "India's 'Vaccine Maitri' initiative earns praise at WTO". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  41. ^ Barbados Prime Minister Thanks PM Modi For Supply Of Covid Vaccines, NDTV, 4 March 2021.
  42. ^ "Vaccine Maitri: Tajikistan, Belize, Jamaica Receive 'Made in India' COVID-19 Vaccines". The Eurasian Times. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  43. ^ PM Modi Billboards Seen Across Toronto As Canada Thanks India For Swift Vaccine Supply, RepublicWorld, 11 March 2021.
  44. ^ "India's Covid vaccine rollout 'rescued the world' : Top US scientist". India Today. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  45. ^ "Covid vaccine rollout 'India's gift' to world: Top US scientist". The Livemint. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  46. ^ "Top Cambodian leaders receive 1st shot of India-made Covid-19 vaccine". Business Standard. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  47. ^ "Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli receives shot of India-made Covishield Covid vaccine". India Today. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
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