Page semi-protected

CoronaVac

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

CoronaVac
CoronaVac.jpg
An empty vial of CoronaVac vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetSARS-CoV-2
Vaccine typeInactivated
Clinical data
Trade namesCoronaVac
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
DrugBank
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
Timeline
2019

2020

2021

Locations
By continent

By conveyance

International response
Medical response

Vaccines (deployment)

Impact
Socio-economic

By industry

SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg COVID-19 portal

CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine,[1] is an inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech.[2] It was Phase III clinical trialled in Brazil,[3] Chile,[4] Indonesia,[5] the Philippines,[6] and Turkey[7] and relies on traditional technology similar to BBIBP-CorV and Covaxin, other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines.[8] CoronaVac does not need to be frozen and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[9]

A real-world study of millions of Chileans who received CoronaVac found it 65% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 87% against hospitalization, 90% against ICU admissions, and 86% against deaths.[10] In Indonesia, real world data from 128,290 healthcare workers showed 94% protection against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, beating results in clinical trials.[11] In Brazil, after 75% of the population in Serrana, São Paulo received CoronaVac, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86%, and symptomatic cases by 80%.[12][13]

Phase III results from Brazil previously showed 50.7% efficacy at preventing symptomatic infections and 83.7% effective in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of 21 days or more between the doses.[14] Final Phase III results from Turkey announced on 3 March 2021 showed an efficacy of 84%.[15]

Politicization, transparency issues and some incomplete trial data in Brazil contributed to a lack of trust in CoronaVac there.[16][17][18]

CoronaVac is being used in vaccination campaigns in various countries in Asia,[19][20][21] South America,[22][23][24] North America,[25][26][27] and Europe.[28][29][30] By April 2021, Sinovac had a production capacity of 2 billion doses a year[31] and had delivered 600 million total doses.[32] It is currently being manufactured at several facilities in China,[31] with planned overseas manufacture in Brazil in September 2021[33] and eventually in Egypt[34] and Hungary.[35]

On 1 June 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) validated the vaccine for emergency use,[32][36][37] by which time over 430 million doses of CoronaVac had already been administered globally.[32]

Technology

As an inactivated vaccine like BBIBP-CorV and Covaxin, CoronaVac uses a more traditional technology[38][8] that is similar to the inactivated polio vaccine. Initially, a sample of SARS-CoV-2 from China was used to grow large quantities of the virus using vero cells. From then on, the viruses are soaked in beta-propiolactone, which deactivates them by binding to their genes, while leaving other viral particles intact. The resulting inactivated viruses are then mixed with an aluminium-based adjuvant.[39]

CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the vaccine and raw material for formulating the new doses could be transported and refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[9] CoronaVac could remain stable for up to three years in storage, which might offer some advantage in vaccine distribution to regions where cold chains are not developed.[40]

Efficacy

Real-world studies

In Brazil, a study was conducted in Serrana, population 45,000, where authorities attempted to vaccinate the entire adult population with CoronaVac.[41] After 75% of the adult population received the vaccine, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86% and symptomatic cases by 80%. According to Ricardo Palacios, a director at Sao Paulo’s Instituto Butantan, “The most important result was understanding that we can control the pandemic even without vaccinating the entire population.”[42][43]

In May 2021, a real-world study of millions of Chileans who had received CoronaVac found the vaccine found to be 65% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 87% against hospitalization, 90% against ICU admissions, and 86% against deaths. The finding is significant because the study was conducted when variants of concern found in Brazil have been known to be significantly circulating in the country. The study covered 10.2 million people.[10][44] The study is largely consistent with earlier results published by Chile in April.[15]

In May 2021, real-world data from Indonesia showed 94% of inoculated health care workers had been protected against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, besting results in clinical trials.[11] In this study of 128,290 health workers in Jakarta,[45] less than 1% of the vaccinated healthcare workers contracted symptomatic COVID-19, compared to more than 8% among the unvaccinated healthcare workers. The vaccine reduced the risk of hospitalization and death of the inoculated medical workers by 96% and 98% respectively.[46][47]

Uruguay released real-world data based on 795,684 people who have received both doses of CoronaVac for more than 14 days as of June 1 2021. In this group, 8,298 tested positive, 45 were admitted to the ICU, and 35 died of COVID-19. This indicated 64.52% and 61.47% efficacy in reducing COVID-19 cases for people aged 18-49 and 50 and older respectively. The vaccine was 94.95% and 92.18% effective in reducing ICU admissions, and 95.35% and 95.2% effective to prevent deaths. Among fully-vaccinated healthcare professionals, the vaccine was 66% effective in preventing cases, and 100% effective in preventing ICU admissions and deaths.[48]

Phase III clinical trials

Phase III results from Brazil submitted to Lancet showed 50.7% efficacy at preventing symptomatic infections, 83.7% effective in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of 21 days or more between the doses. A total of 12,396 volunteers participated in the study between 21 July and 16 December 2020. All participants received at least one dose of the vaccine or placebo. Of this total, 9,823 participants received both doses.[14] Further detail published by Sinovac showed an efficacy 50.65% (95% CI, 35.66–62.15%) against all symptomatic cases, 83.70% (57.99–93.67%) against cases that require medical treatment, and 100.00% (56.37–100.00%) against severe, hospitalized and fatal cases. In the placebo group (N=4870), there were 168 COVID cases, 30 cases requiring medical attention, and 10 severe cases including one death. In the vaccine group (N=4953), there were 85 COVID cases, 5 cases requiring medical attention, and no severe cases or deaths.[49]

Phase III results from Turkey showed an efficacy of 84%. The final efficacy rate was based on 41 infections, 32 of which had received a placebo. The vaccine prevented hospitalization and severe illness in 100% of cases, with all six people who were hospitalized in the placebo group. The final results were based on 13,000 participants in the trials.[15]

On 1 April 2021, a preliminary report[50] from a phase III clinical trial in Chile[51] revealed that CoronaVac is safe and induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity in adults (18–59 years old) and the elderly (60 years or older) similar to previous phase II trials conducted in China with the same age groups and immunization schedule consisting of two doses with a 14-day interval. The side effects were mild and local, mainly limited to pain at the injection site, which was more common in adults. Seroconversion rates for adults 14–28 days after the second dose were 95.6% for the IgG specific against the S1-RBD (receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike protein) and 96% for neutralizing anti-S1-RBD IgG. For the elderly, seroconversion rates were 100% 14 days and 87.5% 28 days after the second dose for the S1-RBD specific IgG, 90% 14 days, and 100% 28 days after the second dose for neutralizing anti-S1-RBD IgG. As found in studies in animals, seroconversion rates for IgG specific against the N (nucleocapsid) protein were weak for both groups, although CoronaVac contains significant amounts of the N protein. A robust increase of T helper cells (CD4+) secreting interferon gamma was detected 14 days after both doses in response to stimulation with peptides of the S protein and of other viral particles, but the response to S protein peptides was reduced in the elderly due to a natural reduction of activated CD4+ T cells in this age group, as found in studies of other vaccines. The immune response of cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) was not as robust. The observed CD4+ T cell response is considered a balanced immune response capable of viral clearance and is similar to that observed in other COVID-19 vaccines, such as BNT162b1 and Convidecia.

Variability in results

Officials in Brazil said the lowered figure of 50.4% included "very mild" cases of COVID-19 among participants omitted in the earlier analysis.[52][53] Ricardo Palácios, Medical Director of Brazil's Instituto Butantan, said Sinovac's relatively low efficacy rate of 50% was due to more rigorous standards for what counted as an infection among trial participants.[54] The Institute splitted the cases in six categories: asymptomatic, very mild, mild, two levels of moderate, and severe; the first two didn't require medical assistance.[52][53] Possible explanations for lower efficacy rate included: trial was largely made up of frontline health care workers who were more exposed to the virus;[53] two vaccine doses were given at shorter intervals (2 weeks);[53][55] counting very mild cases;[53][56] and the Gamma variant (lineage P.1), more transmissible and perhaps evaded immunity better, was circulating.[56]

According to Instituto Butantan director Dimas Covas, the Brazilian group was considered more vulnerable to infection and exposure to higher viral loads. In Turkish and Indonesian Phase III trials, the composition of volunteers was similar to that of the general population.[57]

Variants

On 10 March, Instituto Butantan Director Dimas Covas said CoronaVac was efficient against three variants of COVID-19 in the country; Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7), Beta (lineage B.1.351), and lineage B.1.1.28 (identified in Brazil), from which Gamma and Zeta (lineages P.1 and P.2) descend.[58]

CoronaVac and other inactivated virus vaccines have all parts of the virus. Butantan said this may generate a more comprehensive immune response compared to other vaccines using only a part of the spike protein used by COVID-19 to infect cells.[58] Preliminary results from a large study of health care workers suggest one dose of CoronaVac is still about 50% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 in Manaus where over 75% of new cases are caused by the highly transmissible Gamma variant.[59]

Clinical trials

For broader coverage of this topic, see COVID-19 vaccine.

Phase I–II

In the Phase II trial completed in July 2020 published in The Lancet, CoronaVac showed seroconversion of neutralising antibodies for 109 (92%) of 118 participants in the 3 μg group, 117 (98%) of 119 in the 6 μg group, after the days 0 and 14 schedule; whereas at day 28 after the days 0 and 28 schedule, seroconversion was seen in 114 (97%) of 117 in the 3 μg group, 118 (100%) of 118 in the 6 μg group.[60]

In May, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China on adults over the age 60, and in September CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China on children and adolescents ages 3–17.[61] Phase II results for older adults published in The Lancet showed CoronaVac was safe and well tolerated in older adults, with neutralising antibody induced by a 3 μg dose similar to those of a 6 μg dose.[62]

Phase II–III

In April 2021, Sinovac began Phase II/III trials for the elderly aged 60-80 in the Philippines involving 352 volunteers.[63]

Phase II

In May 2021, Sinovac began Phase IIb trials in China with 500 participants for children and adolescents 3-17 years old.[64]

Phase III

Latin America

In July 2020, Sinovac began Phase III trials to evaluate efficacy and safety on 9,000 volunteer healthcare professionals in Brazil, collaborating with Butantan Institute.[65][66] On 19 October, São Paulo Governor João Doria said the first results of the clinical study conducted in Brazil proved that among the vaccines being tested in the country, CoronaVac is the safest, the one with the best and most promising immunization rates.[67] On 23 October, São Paulo increased the number of volunteers in the trial to 13,000.[68]

Brazil briefly paused the trials on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming them on 11 November. Instituto Butantan said the suicide had no relation to the vaccine trial.[69][70]

In August, a trial was started in Chile run by Pontifical Catholic University of Chile which was expected to include 3,000 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65.[4]

Europe

In September, Turkey began trials with 13,000 volunteers on a two-dose 14-day interval.[71] The monitoring process took place at 25 centers in 12 cities across the country.[72]

The Governor of West Java Ridwan Kamil participating in phase 3 trial of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia.
Asia

In August, Sinovac began trials in Indonesia with Bio Farma in Bandung involving 1,620 volunteers.[5]

In October, Sinovac began trials in China involving 1,040 volunteers.[73]

In October, Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to distribute CoronaVac to 7,000 healthcare workers, after conducting Phase III trials with the Saudi Arabian National Guard.[74]

Manufacturing

Brazilian version of CoronaVac, filled and finished by Instituto Butantan

In April, Sinovac said its third manufacturing plant for Coronavac was ready and had started manufacturing bulk vaccine ingredients, doubling its annual capacity to 2 billion doses.[31]

In November, Brazil's Instituto Butantan began building a facility to manufacture 100 million doses of CoronaVac a year, with a target completion date in September 2021.[75] On 10 December, São Paulo Governor João Doria said that in the interim, prior to the local manufacture of CoronaVac, Instituto Butantan aimed to fill and finish 1 million doses of the vaccine per day.[33]

In Egypt, the government approved a manufacturing agreement to make 80 million doses a year for domestic use and export to African countries.[34]

In Indonesia, Bio Farma had by April 2021 filled and finished 35 million doses of CoronaVac, but was facing some production delays because of diminished supply of bulk delivered CoronaVac from China.[76]

Meanwhile in Malaysia, Pharmaniaga has obtained local approval for its fill and finish CoronaVac.[77]

In May 2021, Turkey was provided a license to produce CoronaVac.[78]

On 31 May 2021, Hungary announced an agreement to initially locally fill and finish CoronaVac, with the goal to eventually manufacture it locally in a new plant in Debrecen.[35]

Market and deployment

  Full authorization
  Emergency authorization
  Eligible COVAX recipient[79]
  EMA review in progress[80]
See also: List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations § CoronaVac

By May, 600 million doses of CoronaVac had been delivered to all countries and 430 million doses used. The World Health Organization validated the Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use on 1 June 2021.[32][37][36]

Asia

In January, Azerbaijan launched its vaccination campaign with CoronaVac.[81] It purchased 4 million doses from Turkey and 5 million doses from China.[82]

In May, Armenia received 100,000 doses from China.[83]

In June, Bangladesh approved Coronavac for emergency use.[84]

In February, Cambodia approved Coronavac for emergency use[85] and started vaccinations in March.[86] The country had received 4.5 million doses by June.[87]

In late August, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use to vaccinate high-risk groups such as medical staff.[88] In early February, China approved CoronaVac for general use.[21] On 5 June 2021, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use with children and adolescents for 3-17 years old.[89]

In December, Hong Kong ordered 7.5 million doses of CoronaVac.[90] The vaccination campaign with CoronaVac began on 26 February.[91]

By December 2020, Indonesia had signed agreements for 140 million doses of CoronaVac.[92] Indonesia approved emergency use authorization on 11 January[93] and President Joko Widodo received the first shot of the vaccine.[19] By May, Indonesia had received 92.9 million doses.[94]

In January, Malaysia ordered 12 million doses[95] which was approved for emergency use in March.[96] Science, Technology and Innovation Minister Khairy Jamaluddin received the first dose as part of the vaccination campaign.[97]

In March, Kazakhstan ordered 3 million doses,[98] of which 500,000 doses arrived in June and has been approved for use by the Ministry of Health.[99]

In May, Oman received its first batch of the vaccine.[100]

In April, Pakistan granted emergency use authorization for CoronaVac[101] and purchased 5 million doses.[102]

In January, the Philippines announced the country had secured 25 million doses.[103] The vaccine was approved on 22 February but not for all health workers as it had lower efficacy when used with health workers compared to healthy individuals aged 18–59. The first 600,000 doses of CoronaVac arrived on 28 February,[104] and the country had received 7.5 million doses by June.[105]

Singapore signed advance purchase agreements for CoronaVac.[106] In February, the first doses arrived[107] and in June it was approved for use under the Special Access Route.[108]

In May, Tajikistan's Ministry of Health announced it would receive 150,000 doses.[109]

In February, Thailand approved emergency use[110] and started its vaccination program on 27 February.[20] As of May, Thailand had received 6 million doses with 3 million more outstanding.[111]

In May 2021, Turkmenistan received a delivery of CoronaVac.[112]

In May 2021, AKIPress reported Uzbekistan plans to use CoronaVac.[113]

Africa

In March, Benin received 203,000 doses of CoronaVac[114] and started vaccinations on 29 March prioritizing healthcare workers, people over 60, and those with co-morbidities.[115]

In April, Botswana received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac as a donation and purchased an additional 200,000 doses[116] to be used in the vaccination program.[117]

In March, Djibouti received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac.[118]

In April, Egypt approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[119]

In April, Guinea received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac which it had purchased.[120]

In April, Libya received 150,000 doses of CoronaVac from Turkey.[121]

In April, Somalia received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[122]

In March, South Africa's drug regulator began assessing CoronaVac for use in the country.[123] South African firm Numolux said it could supply 5 million doses once it secured regulatory clearances.[124]

In April, Togo received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[125]

In March, Tunisia's Ministry of Health approved marketing authorization for CoronaVac[126] and the first 200,000 doses arrived on 25 March.[127]

In March, Zimbabwe approved emergency use[128] and the first 1 million doses arrived on 30 March.[129]

Europe

In November, Turkey signed a contract to buy 50 million doses of CoronaVac.[130] Turkey approved emergency use on 13 January[131] and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan received his first dose at Ankara City Hospital.[132] In February, Turkey signed a deal for another 50 million doses for a total of 100 million doses.[28] By March 10.7 million doses had been administered, and 852 of the 1.3 million people who had received both doses were later diagnosed with the disease. 53 were hospitalized, but none of those hospitalized were intubated or died.[133]

In March, Albania launched its vaccination campaign using mainly CoronaVac,[30] a week after securing 1 million doses from Turkey.[134]

By June, Northern Cyprus received 190,000 doses donated by Turkey.[135]

In March, Bosnia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey.[136]

In June, North Macedonia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey.[135]

In April, Georgia received 100,000 doses from China[137] for which vaccinations started in May.[138]

In March, Ukraine granted approval for use of CoronaVac. Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Company Lekhim has an agreement to deliver 5 million doses.[139] 1.7 million doses had been delivered by June.[140]

In April, Moldova purchased 400,000 doses of CoronaVac.[141]

On the 4th of May, the EMA's human medicines committee (CHMP) started a rolling review of CoronaVac.[142]

South America

São Paulo State Secretary of Health Jean Gorinchteyn (left) and Instituto Butantan chairman Dimas Covas (right) holding single-dose prefilled syringes of CoronaVac, part of the fourth shipment of Sinovac-manufactured vaccine to arrive in Brazil

In Brazil, São Paulo governor João Doria signed a $90 million contract with Sinovac in September to receive the initial 46 million doses of CoronaVac.[143] The price for CoronaVac was announced to be US$10.3 (about R$59).[144] In January, Brazil announced it would obtain 100 million total doses.[145] On 17 January, Brazil's health regulatory agency Anvisa approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[146] In early February, Brazil said it intends to buy an additional 30 million doses on top of existing 100 million doses.[22] A total of 39.7 million doses had been delivered by early April.[147]

In January, Bolivia authorized use of CoronaVac.[148]

In October, Chile signed an agreement to purchase 20 million doses of CoronaVac[149] which was approved for emergency use on 20 January.[150] By early March, the country had received 10 million doses of CoronaVac and had vaccinated 4.1 million people.[151]

In February, Colombia had purchased 5 million doses and was in talks for an additional 5 million doses,[152] which had been approved for emergency use on 5 February.[153]

In February, Ecuador signed a deal for 2 million doses which was approved for emergency use,[154] with the first 1 million doses arrived in early April.[155][156]

In March, Paraguay received a donation of 20,000 doses from Chile.[157] Paraguay began vaccinations with CoronaVac on 10 March.[158]

In January, Uruguay purchased 1.75 million doses,[159] of which the first 192,000 doses arrived on 25 February and vaccinations started on 1 March.[24]

North America

By 8 March, Dominican Republic had vaccinated 400,000 people and had reserved delivery for 10 million additional doses of CoronaVac.[26]

In March, El Salvador received 1 million doses of a total 2 million dose order for CoronaVac. Public sector teachers would receive the first dose between 30 March and 5 April.[27]

In February, Mexico approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[160] The country has ordered 20 million doses,[161] of which 7 million had been received by May.[162]

In April, Panama approved emergency use of Coronavac.[163]

Oceania

In March, Fiji said it would be receiving a donation of CoronaVac.[164]

Controversies

Politicization

CoronaVac has been championed by the governor of São Paulo, João Doria.[165] A political showdown began in October 2020, when Bolsonaro vetoed a deal between the Brazilian health ministry and the São Paulo government for the purchase of 46 million doses of the vaccine.[166] After Instituto Butantan announced CoronaVac's efficacy rate, Bolsonaro mocked the vaccine's effectiveness against COVID-19.[167]

In March 2021, the Paraná Pesquisas opinion polling institute found that the vaccines preferred by Brazilians are CoronaVac and the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, chosen by 23.6% and 21.2% of Brazilians interviewed, respectively, against 11.3% of those who would prefer the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine.[168] During the pandemic parliamentary inquiry in Brazil, senators have expressed that anti-China rhetoric has contributed to delaying access to vaccines in Brazil.[169]

Delays in releasing results

On 23 December 2020, researchers in Brazil said the vaccine was more than 50% effective, but withheld full results at Sinovac's request, raising questions about transparency as it was the third delay in releasing results from the trials.[18] Scientists said the lack of transparency risked damaging CoronaVac's credibility.[16]

Effectiveness

On 18 June 2021, Reuters reported that more than 350 Indonesian doctors and medical workers out of 5,000 in Kudus have contracted the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant despite being vaccinated with the CoronaVac, an infection rate of 7 percent. In response to this development, Griffith University epidemiologist Dicky Budiman questioned the effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine against the Delta variant.[170]

References

  1. ^ Corum, Jonathan; Zimmer, Carl. "How the Sinovac Vaccine Works". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  2. ^ Nidhi Parekh (22 July 2020). "CoronaVac: A COVID-19 Vaccine Made From Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus". Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  3. ^ "New coronavirus vaccine trials start in Brazil". AP News. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Chile initiates clinical study for COVID-19 vaccine". Government of Chile. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  5. ^ a b "248 volunteers have received Sinovac vaccine injections in Bandung". Antara News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  6. ^ "DOH eyes 5 hospitals for Sinovac vaccine Phase 3 clinical trial". PTV News. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Turkey begins phase three trials of Chinese Covid-19 vaccine". TRT World News. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  8. ^ a b Zimmer, Carl; Corum, Jonathan; Wee, Sui-Lee. "Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b "CoronaVac: Doses will come from China on nine flights and can..." AlKhaleej Today (in Arabic). 1 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  10. ^ a b "Reporte COVID-19: Vacuna Coronavac Tiene Un 90,3% De Efectividad Para Prevenir El Ingreso a UCI". Ministerio de Salud (in Spanish). 12 May 2021.
  11. ^ a b "China Sinovac Shot Seen Highly Effective in Real World Study". MSN. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  12. ^ Savarese, Mauricio (1 June 2021). "Sinovac vaccine restores a Brazilian city to near normal". CTV News. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  13. ^ Pearson, Samantha (31 May 2021). "Brazil's Experiment to Vaccinate Town With Chinese CoronaVac Reduced Covid-19 Deaths by 95%". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  14. ^ a b Costa, Anna (11 April 2021). "Estudo clínico que comprova maior eficácia da Coronavac é enviado para Lancet" [Clinical study proving greater efficacy of Coronavac is submitted to The Lancet]. CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  15. ^ a b c Toscano, Cristiana (29 April 2021). "Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO).
  16. ^ a b Pearson, Samantha; Magalhaes, Luciana (12 January 2021). "Chinese Covid-19 Vaccine Is Far Less Effective Than Initially Touted in Brazil". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  17. ^ "Sinovac's Covid Shot Proves 78% Effective in Brazil Trial". Bloomberg L.P. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  18. ^ a b Fonseca P. "Brazil institute says CoronaVac efficacy above 50%, but delays full results". Reuters. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  19. ^ a b TARIGAN, EDNA; MILKO, VICTORIA (13 January 2021). "Indonesia starts mass COVID vaccinations over vast territory". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  20. ^ a b "Thailand Kicks Off Covid-19 Vaccine Program With Sinovac Shots". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  21. ^ a b "China approves Sinovac vaccines for general public use". South China Morning Post. 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  22. ^ a b Rochabrun, Marcelo. "Brazil health ministry says plans to order 30 million more Coronavac doses". The Chronicle Herald. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  23. ^ Miranda, Natalia A. Ramos (28 January 2021). "Chile receives two million-dose first delivery of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  24. ^ a b "BNamericas - Uruguay prepares to launch COVID-19 vaccinat..." BNamericas.com. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  25. ^ "Venustiano Carranza next up for Covid vaccination in Mexico City". Mexico News Daily. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  26. ^ a b "Anticovid vaccines run out as Dominican Republic awaits arrival of more doses". Dominican Today. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  27. ^ a b "Llegan a El Salvador un millón de dosis de la vacuna china CoronaVac contra el covid-19 de la farmacéutica Sinovac". La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b "Turkey aims to vaccinate 60 percent of population: Minister – Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  29. ^ "Vaccination with CoronaVac launched in Ukraine on April 13 – Health minister". www.unian.info. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  30. ^ a b Semini, Llazar. "Albania starts mass COVID vaccinations before tourist season". ABC News. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  31. ^ a b c Liu, Roxanne (2 April 2021). "China Sinovac says it reached two billion doses annual capacity for COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  32. ^ a b c d Nebehay, Stephanie (1 June 2021). "WHO approves Sinovac COVID vaccine, the second Chinese-made dose listed". Reuters. Geneva. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  33. ^ a b Mano A, Simões (10 December 2020). "Chinese vaccine draws demand across Latin America, say Brazilian officials". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  34. ^ a b "Egypt to produce up to 80 million Sinovac vaccine doses annually". Arab News. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  35. ^ a b "UPDATE 2-Hungarian vaccine plant to be fitted for production of Chinese Sinopharm shots -minister". Reuters. 31 May 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  36. ^ a b "WHO recommendation Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell [Inactivated]) – CoronaVac". World Health Organization (WHO). 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  37. ^ a b "WHO validates Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use and issues interim policy recommendations". World Health Organization (WHO) (Press release). Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  38. ^ Tan Y (16 December 2020). "Covid: What do we know about China's coronavirus vaccines?". BBC News. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  39. ^ Corum, Jonathan; Zimmer, Carl (26 April 2021). "How the Sinovac Vaccine Works". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  40. ^ Staff (7 September 2020). "China's Sinovac coronavirus vaccine candidate appears safe, slightly weaker in elderly". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  41. ^ Magalhaes, Samantha Pearson and Luciana (18 February 2021). "Brazil Turns Sleepy Sugarcane Town Into Global Covid-19 Experiment". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  42. ^ "Mass vaccination creates healthy oasis in Brazilian city". Reuters. 31 May 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  43. ^ "Sinovac vaccine restores a Brazilian city to near normal". Associated Press. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  44. ^ "Coronavirus en Chile: Reporte Minsal 17 de Mayo" (in Spanish). 17 May 2021.
  45. ^ Bhwana, Petir Garda (17 May 2021). "Indonesian Ministry Review Says Sinovac 98% Effective to Prevent Covid Deaths". Tempo. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  46. ^ "Indonesian Medics Find China Vaccine More Effective in Field". The Australian. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  47. ^ "UPDATE VAKSINASI COVID-19: Efektivitas Vaksin SinoVac Terhadap Tenaga Kesehatan" (in Indonesian). 12 May 2021.
  48. ^ "Segundo estudio de efectividad de vacunación anti SARS-CoV-2 en Uruguay al 8 de junio de 2021" (in Spanish). 8 June 2021.
  49. ^ Palacios, Ricardo; Batista, Ana Paula (14 April 2021). "Efficacy and Safety of a COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine in Healthcare Professionals in Brazil: The PROFISCOV Study". SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3822780. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  50. ^ Bueno, Susan; Abarca, Katia; González, Pablo; Gálvez, Nicolás; Soto, Jorge; Duarte, Luisa; et al. (1 April 2021). "Interim report: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy Chilean adults in a phase 3 clinical trial". medRxiv (Preprint): 2021.03.31.21254494. doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.21254494. S2CID 232448335.
  51. ^ Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (25 February 2021). "Multicenter, Phase 3, Randomized Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Vaccination Schedules of an Inactivated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults". Ministry of Health, Chile, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  52. ^ a b "Overall Efficacy of Sinovac Vaccine in Brazil Just Above 50%". BNN Bloomberg. 12 January 2021.
  53. ^ a b c d e "Brazil finds Sinovac's vaccine efficacy well below earlier findings". BusinessDay. 12 January 2021.
  54. ^ "Why did the efficacy of China's top vaccine drop from 78% to 50%?". Fortune. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  55. ^ "expert reaction to reported results of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine from a trial by the Butantan Institute in Brazil". Science Media Centre. 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021.
  56. ^ a b "China's COVID vaccines are going global — but questions remain". Nature. 21 May 2021.
  57. ^ "Coronavac tem eficácia de 78% contra a Covid-19 em estudo no Brasil". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 7 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  58. ^ a b "Estudos mostram eficácia da CoronaVac contra três variantes do vírus". Agência Brasil (in Portuguese). 10 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  59. ^ Moutinho, Sofia (April 2021). "Chinese COVID-19 vaccine maintains protection in variant-plagued Brazil". Science. doi:10.1126/science.abi9414.
  60. ^ Zhang Y, Zeng G, Pan H, Li C, Hu Y, Chu K, et al. (February 2021). "Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 21 (2): 181–192. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30843-4. PMC 7832443. PMID 33217362.
  61. ^ Clinical trial number NCT04551547 for "A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase I/II Clinical Trial, to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell) in Healthy Population Aged 3–17 Years" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  62. ^ Wu Z, Hu Y, Xu M, Chen Z, Yang W, Jiang Z, et al. (June 2021). "Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults aged 60 years and older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 21 (6): 803–812. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30987-7. PMC 7906628. PMID 33548194.
  63. ^ "A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase II/III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated (Vero Cell) Vaccine in the Elderly 60–80 Years of Age, Coronovac ENCOV19 Study". registry.healthresearch.ph. Philippine Health Research Registry. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  64. ^ "Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) in Children and Adolescents". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  65. ^ Savarese M (21 July 2020). "New coronavirus vaccine trials start in Brazil". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  66. ^ Palacios R, Patiño EG, de Oliveira Piorelli R, Conde MT, Batista AP, Zeng G, et al. (October 2020). "Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of treating Healthcare Professionals with the Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine Manufactured by Sinovac - PROFISCOV: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial". Trials. 21 (1): 853. doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04775-4. PMC 7558252. PMID 33059771.
  67. ^ "World's vaccine testing ground deems Chinese COVID candidate 'the safest, most promising'". Fortune. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Doria says it guarantees purchase of 100 million doses of CoronaVac..." AlKhaleej Today (in Arabic). 29 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  69. ^ "Brazil Clears Sinovac Trial to Resume Two Days After Halting It". Bloomberg L.P. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  70. ^ "Brazil's health regulator says China's Sinovac can resume Covid-19 vaccine trial after suspension". CNBC. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  71. ^ Health Institutes of Turkey (8 October 2020). "Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial For Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated". ClinicalTrials. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  72. ^ "Chinese COVID-19 vaccine to be free, 1st doses to be delivered soon: Turkey's health minister". Daily Sabah. 23 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  73. ^ "Study of the Commercial Scale SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Against the Pilot Scale Among Adults, and Bridging Study of the Immunogenicity in Elderly Against That in Adults". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  74. ^ "Virus vaccine waiting on Saudi 'green light'". Arab News. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  75. ^ "Sao Paulo starts building production plant for China's Sinovac vaccine – governor". Financial Post. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  76. ^ "Indonesia's Bio Farma Urged to Boost Covid-19 Vaccine Production Capacity". Antara (news agency). 21 April 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  77. ^ "'Fill and finish' Sinovac vaccine by Pharmaniaga approved". Free Malaysia Today. 23 April 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  78. ^ "Sinovac allows its COVID-19 vaccine to be made in Turkey". Daily Sabah. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  79. ^ "Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process". World Health Organization (WHO).
  80. ^ "COVID-19 vaccines: under evaluation". European Medicines Agency.
  81. ^ Aliyev, Jeyhun (19 January 2021). "Azerbaijan kicks off COVID-19 vaccination". Anadolu Agency.
  82. ^ "Azerbaijan Administers over 2 Million Doses of COVID-19 Vaccines". caspiannews.com. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  83. ^ "В Армению отправлена китайская вакцина от COVID-19". Общественное Радио Армении (in Russian). Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  84. ^ "Bangladesh approves Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  85. ^ "Cambodian PM okays two more Covid-19 vaccines - Sinovac and AstraZeneca - for emergency use". The Star. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  86. ^ "Health Ministry to start rolling out Sinovac vaccine tomorrow - Khmer Times". 31 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  87. ^ "Another one million doses of Sinovac vaccine arrived from China - Khmer Times". 19 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  88. ^ "Sinovac's coronavirus vaccine candidate approved for emergency use in China – source". Reuters. 29 August 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  89. ^ Karthikeyan, Suchitra (5 June 2021). "China Approves Emergency Use Of Sinovac's Coronavac On Children Aged 3-17 Years". Republic World.
  90. ^ "Government announces latest development of COVID-19 vaccine procurement (Hong Kong Government Press Releases)". Hong Kong Government. 12 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020.
  91. ^ "Hong Kong kicks off COVID-19 vaccinations with Sinovac jab". AP NEWS. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  92. ^ "Sinovac vaccine has no critical side effects, BPOM says". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  93. ^ Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (11 January 2021). "Indonesia grants emergency use approval to Sinovac's vaccine, local trials show 65% efficacy". The Straits Times. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  94. ^ Murti, Markus Wisnu (31 May 2021). "Erick Thohir Receives Eight Million Doses of Sinovac Vaccine". Tempo. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  95. ^ Choong, Jerry (26 January 2021). "Health Ministry: Malaysia secures 18.4 million doses of Russian, Chinese Covid-19 vaccines". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  96. ^ "Malaysia's NPRA Approves AstraZeneca, Sinovac Covid-19 Vaccines". CodeBlue. 2 March 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  97. ^ Babulal, Veena (18 March 2021). "KJ gets first dose of Sinovac vaccine [NSTTV]". New Straits Times. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  98. ^ "Китай отправит в Казахстан 3 миллиона доз вакцин от коронавируса". Главные новости Казахстана - Tengrinews.kz (in Russian). 27 March 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  99. ^ "В Казахстан доставили первую партию китайской вакцины CoronaVac | Kazakhstan Today". www.kt.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  100. ^ "Oman receives Sinovac vaccines from China". Oman Observer. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  101. ^ "DRAP allows emergency authorisation to fifth Covid-19 vaccine". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  102. ^ "Pakistan purchases over 30 million COVID doses from China: sources". ARY NEWS. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  103. ^ "Duque says deal sealed for 25M doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". GMA News Online. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  104. ^ "Philippines receives COVID-19 vaccine after delays". AP NEWS. 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  105. ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena. "1M more Sinovac COVID-19 jabs arrive in Philippines". Philstar.com. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  106. ^ Chen F (24 December 2020). "Brazil joins ranks of Chinese vaccine backers". Asia Times Online. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  107. ^ "Singapore receives China's Sinovac vaccine ahead of approval". The Star. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  108. ^ Goh, Timothy (2 June 2021). "MOH allows special access to Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine through private healthcare sector". The Straits Times. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  109. ^ "Vaccination against COVID-19 in Tajikistan: the role of joint efforts | P4H Network". p4h.world. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  110. ^ "Thailand gives emergency use authorisation for Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine – official". Reuters. 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  111. ^ Fronde, Neill (20 May 2021). "1.5 million more Sinovac vaccines arrive in Bangkok". Thaiger. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  112. ^ В Туркменистан поступила крупная партия китайской вакцины «CoronaVac»
  113. ^ "Uzbekistan plans to obtain Sinovac coronavirus vaccine". akipress.com. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  114. ^ "Lutte contre la Covid-19 : 203.000 doses de vaccins s dont 100.000 offertes par la Chine au Bénin". Concentrées d'informations sur le Bénin et le monde à votre service depuis 2009 (in French). 23 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  115. ^ Ayosso, Akpédjé (29 March 2021). "Deux ministres vaccinés contre Covid-19". www.24haubenin.info (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  116. ^ More, Ketshepile (26 April 2021). "China delivers vaccine". Daily News Botswana.
  117. ^ "Botswana Could Be First African Country to Vaccinate Entire Adult Population". Voice of America. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  118. ^ "Djibouti Ministry of Health". Twitter. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  119. ^ "Egypt approves Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  120. ^ "Guinea receives purchase of 300,000 Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines". CNA. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  121. ^ "150,000 doses of Chinese Sinovac anti-Coronavirus vaccines arrive from Turkey". Libya Herald. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  122. ^ "Somalia receives 200,000 Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". hornobserver.com. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  123. ^ Winning, Alexander. "South Africa's drugs regulator to start assessing Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". U.S. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  124. ^ Nijini, Felix (18 March 2021). "Sinovac May Supply South Africa With 5 Million Vaccines: Report - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  125. ^ First, Togo. "200,000 doses of SINOVAC vaccines received". www.togofirst.com. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  126. ^ "Tunisia approva vaccino cinese Sinovac" (in Italian). Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (in Italian). 5 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  127. ^ "La Tunisie réceptionne le don chinois de 200.000 doses de vaccins". Business News Tunisia.
  128. ^ Dzirutwe, MacDonald (10 March 2021). "Zimbabwe authorises Sputnik V, Sinovac coronavirus vaccines for emergency use". Reuters. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  129. ^ Zinyuke, Rumbidzayi. "Zim receives 1 million Sinovac doses". The Herald. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  130. ^ "Turkey signs 50 million dose COVID-19 vaccine deal, health minister says". Reuters. 25 November 2020. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  131. ^ "Turkey grants emergency authorization to Sinovac's CoronaVac: Anadolu". Reuters. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  132. ^ "Turkish president gets COVID-19 vaccine". Anadolu Agency. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  133. ^ SABAH, DAILY (12 March 2021). "Few virus infections reported among vaccinated people in Turkey". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  134. ^ Staff, Reuters (25 March 2021). "Albania gets 192,000 doses of Chinese Sinovac vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  135. ^ a b "Turkey donates COVID-19 vaccines to North Macedonia". Daily Sabah. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  136. ^ Agency, Anadolu (28 March 2021). "Turkey sends Chinese COVID-19 vaccines to Bosnia-Herzegovina". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  137. ^ "China Donates 100,000 Sinovac Vaccines to Georgia". Civil.ge. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  138. ^ "Covid-19 vaccination with Sinovac to start on 24 May in Georgia". Agenda.ge. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  139. ^ Zinets, Natalia (9 March 2021). "Ukraine approves China's Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  140. ^ "Ukrainians vaccinated with CoronaVac to receive international vaccination certificate – minister". covid.unian.info. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  141. ^ Tanas, Alexander (9 April 2021). "Moldova to buy 400,000 doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  142. ^ "EMA starts rolling review of COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) Inactivated". EMA - European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  143. ^ Simoes E (30 September 2020). "Brazil's Sao Paulo signs agreement with Sinovac for COVID vaccine doses". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  144. ^ Fonseca I (30 October 2020). "CoronaVac May Be Four Times More Costly Than Flu Vaccine". The Rio Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  145. ^ "Em meio a críticas por atrasos, Pazuello diz que Brasil está preparado para iniciar vacinação em janeiro". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  146. ^ Fonseca, Jamie McGeever, Pedro (17 January 2021). "Brazil clears emergency use of Sinovac, AstraZeneca vaccines, shots begin". Reuters. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  147. ^ Cardin, Adele (12 April 2021). "1.5 million Coronavac doses delivered to Brazilian government by Butantan". The Rio Times. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  148. ^ "Bolívia autoriza uso de vacinas Sputnik V e CoronaVac contra covid-19". noticias.uol.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  149. ^ "Government meets with Sinovac for first COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial in Chile". Government of Chile. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  150. ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Chile Approves Chinese Coronavirus Vaccine". barrons.com. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  151. ^ "Fifth shipment with over two million Sinovac vaccines arrives to Chile". Chile Reports. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  152. ^ "Colombia extends health state of emergency, seeks more Sinovac vaccines". Reuters. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  153. ^ MENAFN. "Colombia declares emergency use of Sinovac vaccines". menafn.com. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  154. ^ "Ecuador signs agreement with Sinovac for 2 million COVID-19 vaccine: minister". nationalpost. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  155. ^ "Ecuador recibe primeras 300.000 vacunas de Sinovac para ampliar inmunización". Primicias (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  156. ^ "A Ecuador llegaron 700 000 vacunas Sinovac contra el covid-19". El Comercio. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  157. ^ Valencia, Alexandra (7 March 2021). "Chile donates 40,000 doses of Sinovac vaccine to Ecuador and Paraguay". Reuters. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  158. ^ "CoronaVac, vacuna de alta eficacia". Ministerio de Salud Publica Y Bienestar Social.
  159. ^ "Uruguay will receive first batches of Pfizer and Sinovac vaccines late February or early March: US$ 120 million investment". MercoPress. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  160. ^ "Mexico approves China's CanSino and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines". Reuters. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  161. ^ Jorgic, Drazen (10 March 2021). "Mexico leans on China after Biden rules out vaccines sharing in short term". Reuters. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  162. ^ "Mexico breaks new COVID-19 vaccination record". Puerto Vallarta News. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  163. ^ Moreno, Elida (9 April 2021). "Panama approves use of China's Sinovac vaccine against COVID-19". Reuters. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  164. ^ "China to donate Sinovac Vaccine to Fiji". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  165. ^ Phillips, Tom (10 November 2020). "Jair Bolsonaro claims 'victory' after suspension of Chinese vaccine trial". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  166. ^ Baptista, Eduardo (11 December 2020). "China-made coronavirus vaccine at heart of political showdown in Brazil". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  167. ^ Carvalho, Daniel (14 January 2021). "'Is 50% Good?', Asks Bolsonaro, Mocking Coronavac's Effectiveness". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  168. ^ "Covid: 70% dos brasileiros não fazem questão de escolher vacina" [Covid: 70% of Brazilians do not make a point of choosing vaccine]. R7.com (in Portuguese). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  169. ^ Boadle, Anthony (18 May 2021). "Brazil senators say anti-China views hurt access to COVID-19 vaccines". Reuters. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  170. ^ Widianto, Stanley (18 June 2021). "Hundreds of vaccinated Indonesian health workers get COVID-19, dozens in hospital". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

Further reading

External links


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CoronaVac&oldid=1029822603"