2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony

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2020 Summer Olympics
closing ceremony
Closing ceremony cropped Yoshihide Suga 20210808 4.jpg
The Parade of Athletes during the Closing Ceremony. On the stadium's side screens, the Olympic motto, "Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together" is displayed.
Date8 August 2021; 9 days ago (2021-08-08)
Time20:00 – 22:19 JST (UTC+9)
LocationTokyo, Japan
Theme"Moving Forward: Worlds we share"[1]
Filmed byThe Japan Consortium and OBS
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2020 Summer Olympics

The closing ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics took place in the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo for about two and a half hours from 20:00 (JST) on August 8, 2021.[2] The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games, which was postponed for one year due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, was unusual because it was held without spectators. The scale was also reduced compared to past ceremonies as athletes were required to leave the Olympic Village 48 hours after their competitions finished.[3]

The proceedings combined the formal ceremonial closing of this international sporting event (including closing speeches,[4] the parade of athletes[5] and the handover of the Olympic flag[6]) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the culture and history of the current and next host nation (France) for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.[7] The theme of the Olympic Ceremonies was Moving Forward, referencing the COVID-19 pandemic, with the closing ceremony theme being Worlds we share.[8]

The closing ceremony was largely pre-recorded with some live segments.[9] Performers adhered to social distancing measures during the live portions.[10] The ceremony included a "moment of remembrance", consisting of dances and other performances representing and highlighting the culture of Japan.[5][11]

Preparations[edit]

The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (TOCOG) gave the first report of preparations in December 2017, with the release of the "Basic Policy" document for the Olympic and Paralympic ceremonies.[12] The document was based upon feedback from experts and opinions of the Japanese public[13] and includes the foundational elements for the positioning and overall concept of the four ceremonies.[12] The Olympic opening ceremony introduced the themes and concepts of the 4 ceremonies, including peace, coexistence, reconstruction, the future, Japan and Tokyo, the athletes and involvement.[14]

The opening and closing ceremonies has had three different directors as its Chief Creative Director. Between July 2018 and December 2020, Mansai Nomura, an actor in traditional Japanese theater, was the Chief Creative Director.[15][16] Normura stepped down from the role and becoming an advisor. Between December 2020 and March 2021, Hiroshi Sasaki was Chief Creative Director,[17] until Sasaki resigned after making a derogatory comment about Japanese comedian and fashion icon Naomi Watanabe.[18][19] The reports came a month after Yoshirō Mori, president of the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, resigned over derogatory comments made about female members of the Committee.[20] Since March 2021, Takayuki Hioki, managing director of Sports Branding Japan,[21] has been the Deputy Chief Ceremonies Officer and Executive Producer.[1]

Italian Marco Balich, head of Balich Worldwide Shows, was the Senior Adviser to the Executive Producer.[22] Balich performed these functions also during the production of the ceremonies on 2006 Winter Olympics, 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2016 Summer Olympics,[23] [24] among another events as 2019 Pan American Games and 2019 Summer Universiade.[25] In a interview, in July 2019, he mentioned that his involvement would be in partnership with the Japanese advertising company Dentsu.[26] Dentsu's creative director for these ceremonies, Kaoru Sugano, resigned in January 2020 over harassment claims.[27]

COVID-19 impact[edit]

In a preview press release, "Moving Forward" would be consistent theme for both 2020 Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The ceremonies would be linked by the concept of "Moving Forward", a reference to recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. "We have designed the ceremonies around the concept that the Games can bring fresh hope and encouragement to people around the world through the active appearance of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Games and via the power of sport", organisers declared.[8] This was expected, as just after the postponement, Balich went on record that the crisis would be mentioned at some point during the ceremony due to its significance at the games.[28]

The closing ceremony theme was "Worlds we share" which is expected to cover themes of diversity & inclusion and a brighter and better future.[8]

Much of the artistic and cultural sections of the ceremony adhered to social distancing guidelines and the majority of segments were pre-recorded.[9] Before the announcement of barring spectators were made, ticket prices for the Closing Ceremony were expected to range between ¥12,000 and ¥300,000.[29][30]

Venue[edit]

The Japan National Stadium served as the main stadium for the closing ceremony. Demolition of the old National Stadium was completed in May 2015, followed by the construction of the new stadium which began at the same site on 11 December 2016.[31] The stadium was handed over to the IOC on 30 November 2019 for necessary games and ceremony preparations. Capacity during the Olympic Games was 60,102 taking into account press and executive seating areas.[32]

Proceedings[edit]

Program[edit]

Many sequences of the ceremony were pre-recorded, due to COVID restrictions including traditional Ainu dancers from Hokkaido.[9]

[33]

TITLE PROCEDURE (JST : UTC+9)
1 A WORLD OF APPLAUSE[34] Video looking back on 17 days (20:00), Fireworks over Stadium (20:01)
2 READY TO WELCOME[35] Raising the Japanese flag (20:02-20:08), Unison of the National Anthem of Japan.
3 AFTER THE GAMES[36] Admission of flag bearers (20:09-), BGM: Olympic March (Composer, Yuji Koseki), Highlights video of the sports competitions (20:18-20:20), Admission for Olympic athletes (20:21-20:42), Applause
4 ALL TOKYOITES[37] Particles of light soar and form Olympic symbols (20:43-20:45), Music and performance to entertain the athletes (20:45-)
5 OUR GRATITUDE[38] The protocolar mandatory rites started here. First was the performance of the National Anthem of Greece (20:59-), Medal Ceremony for Marathon Winners (Women 20:01-, Men 21:08-21:17), Video of field cast and city cast support, Thanks to all the athletes for the volunteers (8 representatives on stage) (21:17-21:20)
6 WE REMEMBER[39] Wadaiko performances and Japanese folk songs (21:20-21:34)
7 TO PARIS 2024[40] The Antwerp Ceremony happened here, started with the Olympic Anthem (21:35-21:39), Handover the Olympic flag from the governor of Tokyo (Yuriko Koike) to the mayor of the next host city, Paris (Anne Hidalgo), via the IOC President (-21:40), Switch to local footage from the next host city, Paris during the Paris 2024 presentation (Performance video of the National Anthem of France by the Orchestre National de France 21:41-, Signature of "Paris 2024" by Tony Estanguet 21:52)
8 PASSING THE BATON[41] Speech by TOCOG President Seiko Hashimoto (21:54-), then IOC President Thomas Bach (Declare the closing of Olympic Games, 22:07)
9 ON TO THE NEXT CHAPTER[42] Figures of women and children singing "A Stroll Among the Stars" (22:08-), Extinguishing the torch (22:15) with "Moonlight" of Debussy (arrangement by Isao Tomita), Video of the Paralympic Games (22:15-22:16), After loud fireworks, the 7 characters of "ARIGATO" projected on the large full high-definition video device (22:17)

A World of Applause[edit]

A fireworks show began the ceremonies, while a highlights video played.

Ready to Welcome[edit]

Thomas Bach, Crown Prince Fumihito and Yoshihide Suga (at Japan National Stadium on 8 August 2021)

International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach and Crown Prince Fumihito entered the stadium while a theme from the film Tokyo Story played.[43][44] (JST 20:01)

The Japanese flag entered into the stadium carred by six people:among this was 4 olympic champions,the winner of the 60 kg event on judo Naohisa Takato, the first youth olympic champion on breakdancing Ramu Kawai, the swimmer Yui Ohashi who won two gold medals on this Games: the first on women's 400 metres individual medley and another on the 200 metre medley and the artistic gymnast Takeru Kitazono winner of five gold medals on the 2018 Youth Olympic Games and a silver medal on team event on this senior games.The another two were the doctor Hiroyuki Yokota who worked as medical during the games and the fashion model Yano Amane who uses a leg prosthetic. Amane will who also be present on the opening ceremonies of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games.[43] while the stadium ground was framed like the Yoyogi park with grass all around. The flag was handed to members of the Japanese defence forces, who were present on all the awards ceremonies of this games. The National Anthem of Japan was performed by the performance group Takarazuka Revue in women's hakama style.[45]

After the Games (Parade of Athletes)[edit]

The flag bearers then arrived in a two by two configuration, until they reach the middle of the stadium.[43] They then surround the middle circle of the stadium floor. After the flags arrived at the stadium a highlights video of the events from all sports was shown.[46]

Once the athletes all arrived, the lights went out and the athletes were asked to turn on a light (such as a light on their smartphone) where then an augmented reality (or taped) segment played to show the athletes were united under the Olympic rings.[43]

All Tokyoites[edit]

This segment was to show a day at the park in Tokyo while also showcasing Japanese popular music. The organisers also stated the segment was for the athletes: "Despite having come to Tokyo, the athletes have not had the opportunity to see or experience Tokyo for themselves."[43] The musical portion featured performances by Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra, milet, DJ Matsunaga and the Tokyo High School Orchestra (which they performed remotely via pre-recorded material) performing a medley featuring LiSA's Gurenge, Kyu Sakamoto's Sukiyaki, Ludwig van Beethoven's Ode to Joy from Symphony No. 9 and Édith Piaf's Hymne à l'amour as the first reference to Paris, as the host city of the next Games in 2024.[47] This also was the first appearance of Ode to Joy on the Ceremonies since the Olympic Games Sydney 2000 opening ceremony[48].

Our Gratitude[edit]

Marathon Victory Ceremonies[edit]

Main articles: Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon and Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon

This is the first part of the Antwerp Ceremony. As the Olympic Charter determines the National Anthem of Greece was played before the marathon victory ceremonies to link the Ancient Olympics to the Modern Olympics.[49] President of the IOC Thomas Bach (for Women's marathon), Vice-President of the IOC Anita DeFrantz (for Men's marathon) and World Athletics President Lord Sebastian Coe presented the medals to:

IOC Athletes Commission[edit]

The new members of the IOC Athletes Commission were introduced and presented bouquets to Tokyo 2020 volunteers.[43] A segment dedicated to volunteers was shown before the new members were introduced which featured the volunteers working on enhanced cleaning measures, social distancing and other safety guidelines due to the current COVID-19 pandemic safety measures.

We Remember[edit]

A lone dancer (Aoi Yamada) performed butoh as performers circled around the stage carrying lanterns.Various funeral and mourning rituals performed across Japan were presented at this ceremony in memory of those who died in this exceptionally extended five-year Olympic cycle and also in honor of all those passed around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 3 national ethnic groups of Japanese population were featured: the Ainu from Hokkaido, Eisa performed by Okinawans, and a Nishinomai Bon Odori dance from Akita[disambiguation needed], to represent the Japanese proper. As the life goes on, the tradional Gujō Odori from Gifu was performed on a party at the Yoyogi Park simulation with performers in yukata clotches performed the traditional Gujō Odori around the stage backed by a drummer (Kensaku Sato) and two singers (Takayuki Matsuda and his daughter, Ryu Matsuda)), as the tradition determines the volunteers, the performers and the athletes are invited to joining in.[50]

Antwerp Ceremony[edit]

The Antwerp Ceremony is a tradition that has been held at every closing ceremony since 1920. Before the Antwerp Ceremony, the Olympic Anthem was performed by Tomotaka Okamoto as the Olympic flag was lowered.[49][51] After the Olympic Anthem was played, Yuriko Koike in a special kimono, the Governor of Tokyo, passed the flag to IOC President Thomas Bach, who handed the Olympic flag over to Anne Hidalgo, the Mayor of Paris. This was the first time in Olympic history the flag passed from one woman to another woman. Following the flag passing, as the Olympic Charter determines that the next host country. The Paris 2024 presentation began with a reimagined version of the National Anthem of France. [52]

To Paris 2024[edit]

About 99% of the Paris 2024 handover presentation was pre-recorded, in accordance with the safety measures and restrictions in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[53] The presentation started with a reimagined version of the National Anthem of France performed by the Orchestre National de France, led by the conductor Chloé Dufresne and arranged by Victor le Masne.[54] The anthem was also performed by musicians in various locations across Paris such as the roof of Stade de France, inside the Louvre museum, the Square du Vert-Galant [fr], La Recyclerie and the Skatepark Diderot.[55] After the orchestra's performance, European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet played the last few notes of the anthem on his saxophone from space (the ISS was flying exactly over Japan at this time).

This signaled the start of the artistic segment and a short film called "Ride", directed by Valentin Petit [fr] and featuring music by Yoann Lemoine (Woodkid), starting with footage of the Earth seen from space. This act features young BMX star Estelle Majal incarnating Mariane (the symbol of the French Republic or one of the symbols on the Paris 2024 emblem logo). She rides her bike across the roof from many famous landmarks in Paris such as the Palais-Royal, the Musée d'Orsay, the Palais Garnier and Le Panthéon, before ending with a shot of the iconic Eiffel Tower with a giant flag featuring the Paris 2024 emblem flying on it.[56] The real flag was initially planned to be raised live which would have broken a world record for the largest flag ever flown, but due to bad weather conditions in Paris, instead they used a CGI animation. As the flag used during the trial held on 8 June was diferent and in a minor size.[57][58][59]

After the film, French Olympic athletes who returned from Tokyo after their competitions was helded in the first week of the Games apeared, such as judokas Clarisse Agbegnenou and Teddy Riner with medals,[60] who have returned from Tokyo to join about 6,000 people of French Olympic fans watching the closing ceremony at the Trocadéro in celebrating the handover from Tokyo to Paris as the Patrouille de France flies over the Eiffel Tower, with smoke in the national colours of blue, white and red streaming across the Parisian skies, while young performers take the stage performing breakdancing, the newest sport on the Paris Olympic programme. Finally, French President Emmanuel Macron appeared from the top of the Eiffel Tower with some fans and delivered the new Olympic motto in French, "Plus vite, Plus haut, Plus fort – Ensemble" ("Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together") ending the Paris 2024 segment.[61][62]

After Macron's appearance, the president of the Paris 2024 Organising Committee (Paris2024) [fr], Tony Estanguet (who has also just returned from Tokyo some hours before) appears on stage and writes "Paris 2024" on a camera lens as the camera moves up to the blue skies of summer in Paris. The image is shown on the stadium screens whilst the Tokyo Skytree is shown in the national colours of France showing conexion with the Eifel Tower.[63]

For the first time, about 99% of the Antwerp Ceremony and the Paris 2024 presentation were held in France, filmed and broadcast by satellite (CEST 14:42-14:53), as part of an Agenda 2020 plan implemented by the IOC. Local rights owners for the next Games (Discovery, Inc. (under Eurosport) and France Télévisions) were mainly involved for the Paris 2024 presentation as they handled most of the filming process for the presentation. This was the first time in Olympic history that an act on the closing ceremony act was produced, performed and broadcast outside the current host city.[64]

Passing the Baton[edit]

Coach Shanahan Sanitoa posing in front of the "Arigato" sign at the end of the Closing Ceremony

Seiko Hashimoto, President of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games spoke to the athletes "There are no words to describe what you have achieved."[65] "Tonight the Olympic Flame that has lit up Tokyo will quietly go out. But the hope that has been ignited here will never be extinguished. It will remain alight in the hearts of people all over the world as we continue to hope for peace in the spirit of Ekecheiria, a tradition unbroken from the ancient Olympic Games." She also pointed people to the upcoming Paralympic Games.[66] Her comments were overshadowed by a moth that landed on the podium.[67]

IOC President Thomas Bach thanked the volunteers for an "unprecedented Olympic Games" and said that Japanese people can be "extremely proud of what you have achieved". In French, he declared the Games closed, calling them "the Games of hope, solidarity, and peace", and "call[ed] upon the youth of the world" to assemble in Paris for the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad in 2024.[67][68]

On to the Next Chapter[edit]

After the presentation and closing speeches, actress Shinobu Otake (with the Suginami Children's Chorus) appeared, simulating an astronomy class in allusion to sci-fi movies and comics as they sang the iconic and popular song, "A Stroll Among Stars" composed by Kenji Miyazawa. The lyrics highlights the constellations that are seen in the Japanese sky during summer nights. After the song ended, a version of Claude Debussy's Claire de lune perfomed by Isao Tomita started playing, the flame was extinguished through a "telekinesis simulation" (the cauldron was simulated to have been extinguished manually as it was impossible to do so in real life) in which the children and the teacher were making a sign of gratitude, shortly thereafter, the structure in which the sacred fire had been burning for the past 16 days closed and reverted to its original shape and the fireworks display started. After this a trailer of the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games who were to start 15 days after was shown. [69] After this The goodbye message featured the word "Arigato" which is written in the same font as the word "Sayonara" was during the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games Tokyo 1964 using stop-motion toy cubes rather than scoreboard lettering. This was a homage and a gratitude to all the people who were involved in the two times the city hosted the Summer Olympic Games (1964 and 2020).[70][71]

Dignitaries in attendance[edit]

Dignitaries in attendance (at Japan National Stadium on 8 August 2021)

Anthems[edit]

Victory ceremonies[edit]

Reviews[edit]

Philip Barker of Inside the Games opined that for many athletes and supporters, the tone of the ceremony was dignified and appropriate. Hashimoto stated in a press interview that the flame would "quietly go out", which he felt that "It was an apt description of a dignified and low key Ceremony which conveyed a sense of gratitude that the Games had been able to take place at all."[48]

Dominic Patten of Deadline Hollywood argued that the ceremony was an "uneven mixtape" of contrasts, comparing the low-key "celebration of the culture of the Asian power and brow moping acknowledgement of the pandemic" to the jubilant Paris segment, as well as cliché-filled speech of Thomas Bach.[78]

Alan Tyres of The Daily Telegraph discussed the IOC updated motto as a sign of things to come. He stated, "The updated Olympic motto of 'faster, higher, stronger – together' fits with how sport is covered and contextualised at this moment in history: inclusion, diversity, justice and a duty of care to the athletes must be taken into consideration as much as performance." He also discussed the strangeness of the ceremony, as it was performed without an stadium audience.[79]

Broadcast in Japan[edit]

  • Tokyo 2020 Olympics Closing Ceremony (Broadcast) 2021-08-08 19:58-22:20 (JST) (TV program) (in Japanese). Tokyo: NHK. 8 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021. Copyright 2020 IOC/Tokyo2020 and NHK
In the video on the website ( sports.nhk.or.jp ), an announcement is made in the stadium to announce the start of the closing ceremony from the time index 00:47:40.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Anthem played twice as part of the Men's and Women's marathon victory ceremonies.

References[edit]

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