Russian Tennis Federation

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Russian Tennis Federation
Rtf tennis flag vector.svg
Flag-like logo (also in use)
Russian Tennis Federation official logo.png
SportTennis pictogram.svg Tennis
(incl. Wheelchair tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair tennis)
Beach tennis
JurisdictionNational
AbbreviationRTF
Founded2002
AffiliationInternational Tennis Federation
Affiliation date1913 (founding member as ARULTC)—1917,[1]
1956—2022[2]
Regional affiliationTennis Europe
Affiliation date1977—2022[2]
HeadquartersLuzhnetskaya Embankment, House 8, Office 376, Moscow, 119992
LocationMoscow, Russia
PresidentShamil Tarpishchev
Men's coachShamil Tarpishchev
Women's coachIgor Andreev
ReplacedAll-Russia Tennis Association
(founded)1989
Official website
www.tennis-russia.ru
Russia

The Russian Tennis Federation (RTF) (Russian: Федера́ция те́нниса Росси́и, romanized: Federatsiya tennisa Rossii, lit. 'Russia Tennis Federation', initialism: ФТР, FTR) is the national governing body of tennis in Russia. It is the legal successor of the All-Russia Tennis Association (1989–2001) and the Tennis Federation of the USSR (1956–93). After the dissolution of the All-Russia Tennis Association in 2001, it was organized and registered as the supreme governing body of tennis sport in Russia in 2002.

However, the RTF is also listed as the successor to the All-Russia Union of Lawn Tennis Clubs (ARULTC or Russian: ВСЛТК, tr. VSLTK) established in June 1908. Since 1913, the ARULTC has been one of the founders of the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and its member (except 1918—1955). Since 1977, the RTF has been a member of the European Tennis Association (Tennis Europe).[1] The Russian National Tennis Centre [ru] (NTC) bears the name of Juan Antonio Samaranch.

Chairpersons[edit]

Coat of arms of the Chief of Clan McPherson: Dagger, Cross, and à la Barque of St. Peter
Crest Badge of Clan MacPherson
Mikhalkov family coat of arms from the General Armorial, 5th part (1800): Eagle (holding a smallsword entwined with laurels) & Star of David
Unofficial reconstruction of flag design of USSR-1944/Russia-2000 from the elements of the family COA of Sergey Mikhalkov (the state anthems co-author/author, a source of controversy about the supposed Putin's pursuit to recreate the former state), with rhombus as an element of hexagram.
Flag of Russia version from the RTF logo, non-official
All-Russia Union of Lawn Tennis Clubs
All-Union Tennis Section (1929—1959)
Tennis Federation of the USSR
  • Iliodor Kulev [ru] (Aug 1959—1961, 1965—1980), Latin: Heliodorus Kulev
  • Dmitry Gosudarev (1961—1965), Latin: Demetrius Gosudarev
  • Boris Volynov (1980—1985), Latin: Boris Volhinov
  • Igor Volk (1985—1991), Latin: Inguarus Volk, lit. 'Inguarus Lupus ("Wolf")'[6]
  • Shamil Tarpishchev (1991),[5][7] Latin: Šamil Tarpiščev
  • Tennis Federation of the RSFSR (subject to the Tennis Federation of the USSR)
    • Georgy Malinin (1959—1968), Latin: Georgius Malinin
    • Sergey Ostrovoy (1969—1988),[5] Latin: Sergius Ostrovoj
Tennis Federation of the CIS
All-Russia Tennis Association

(successor — to the Tennis Federation of the RSFSR since 1990, to the Tennis Federation of the USSR since 1993)

Russian Tennis Federation

(consists of more than 70 regional federations)[8]

Vice-presidents[8]
  1. Bakulev, Vladimir
  2. Bokarev, Andrey
  3. Gordeev, Alexander
  4. Kafelnikov, Yevgeny
  5. Lazarev, Vladimir
  6. Myskina, Anastasia
  7. Panteleev, Evgeny
  8. Selivanenko, Alexey
  9. Vikharev, Dmitry
  10. Yumasheva, Polina
  11. (Secretary-General) Shatkhin, Yakov

Tennis in Russia[edit]

Despite his Scottish surname and ancestry, Arthur Davidovich McPherson (1870–1919) was a native of Petersburg and lived his entire life in Russia.[a] He was the founder and president of the first All-Russia Union of Lawn Tennis Clubs, the forerunner of today's Russian Tennis Federation, and also helped establish the country's first Olympic Committee.[3]

In 1903 he organized the first St. Petersburg tennis championship, and four years later he set up the first national tournament. By 1913 the Russian championship was on the international tour and the game was thriving.[10] In 1956, the Tennis Federation of the USSR was founded and joined the International Tennis Federation.[10] According to sports journalist Anna Dmitrieva, the return was lobbied by the famous Wimbledon champion Fred Perry. In 2020, Dmitrieva remembered: "Like every talented person, he [Fred Perry] wanted to discover something new. The Soviet Union was a big country of significant importance in other sports while the local tennis stayed apart from all the international competitions".[11]

During the Soviet era, tennis was on the edge of survival as both non-Olympic and expensive sport strongly associated with the local royal dynasty (Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov).[b] As a result, there was a critically low level of financial and PR-related support from the Communist state for the sport of tennis. The situation has improved after 1988, when tennis was made an Olympic sport again, largely thanks to the efforts of the IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch.[13][14]

Since the end of the Soviet era, tennis has grown in popularity and Russia has produced a number of famous tennis players.[15] In the 2000s, the number of top Russian women players has been considerable, with both Maria Sharapova and Dinara Safina reaching number one in the WTA rankings. Other Russian women to achieve international success include Anna Chakvetadze, Elena Dementieva, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Anastasia Myskina, Nadia Petrova, Vera Zvonareva and Anna Kournikova. The Russian Federation has won the Fed Cup 4 times, in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008. In 2004, 80 percent of their surnames had been advised to be pronounced incorrectly by the official WTA guide.[16]

Accolades[edit]

The association has been praised worldwide for the development of tennis in Russia which resulted in top-class tennis players, especially women players. According to the latest WTA and ATP rankings; 4 Russian women and 3 Russian men are in the top 50 players of the world.[17]

As Russia is regarded as Europe's Eastern and Northern periphery, the association has been honored with the highest award of the European association of Tennis "Tennis Europe" – European Tennis Trophy, five consecutively years from 2005 to 2009 on the set of victories in the professional, junior, veteran tennis and wheelchair tennis. Similarly, Russia is recognized as the best tennis power in Europe and in certain categories by full twelve times.[18] All of it has been achieved despite one of the lowest budgets compared to more prosperous federations, e. g. Kazakhstan Tennis Federation — the most popular nationality to switch from Russian[19] — largely thanks to the efforts of Russian players themselves and their close relatives.[20][21][22] As a popular example from the 1990s, before leaving for the USA, Yuri — Maria Sharapova's father — made his way to see Shamil Tarpishchev to ask for money. Out of generosity, Tarpishchev gave him a whole $1000.[23][24][25]

Almost all singles Grand Slam / Year-end / Masters 1000 tennis champions from Russia have been strongly associated with either betting scandal (Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Nikolay Davydenko) or doping scandal (Svetlana Kuznetsova and Maria Sharapova)[26] also contributing to a decrease of the popularity of tennis in Russia. In 2005, tennis was the fifth most popular sport to watch in Russia (after football, figure skating, boxing and hockey)[27] but has developed a strong reputation of sport "for rich parents' children only" or for sportspeople's children only (Svetlana Kuznetsova, Elena Dementieva, Marat Safin etc.) which is "not suiting Russia by climate", and dropped in popularity significantly since then.[28][29]

The Wimbledon Championships has been broadcast by the local TV since 1984 (since 1986 — without censorship due to the presence of Martina Navratilova which had been cut before she was warmly greeted by the majority Czechs in Prague while participating for the USA at the 1986 Fed Cup), the French Open has been broadcast since 1989.[30] As for 2018, RTF has counted 300 tennis clubs in Russia. But the federation takes into account both courts in parks and tennis schools without their own base which rent courts for practicing in clubs. In reality, in Russia there were 187 functioning clubs that rent out courts.[31]

All-time top Russian tennis players by the number of ATP / WTA (male/female) tour-level singles titles
(plus DBL — MX in parenthesis, if applied); active players — in bold; former countries' players & competitions — in italics; last updated 6 March 2022
# Name & Lifespan Z GS YC Ma.
/
1000
est. 1990		 OG All
Titles
+ CHL
+ ITF		 Davis Cup Trophy.svg D
/
BJK-Cup Trophy.pngB
Cup		 AC
est. 2020		 HC
est. 1989
EXH		 LC
est. 2017
EXH		 Rus. THF [ru] (2002–2015)
[32]		 Int.
THF est. 1954		 ENDT BH No.
est. 1973
(′76)
/
1975
(′84)		 MMS
est. 1934
FLG
CD
Year		 FD
Grand Slam singles champions (6 players have won 13 events, 5 men's / 8 women's)
1 Maria Sharapova*
(b. 1987)		 Aries symbol (fixed width).svg Rabbit.svg 5 1 14 S-2012 36
(39)
40
(43)		 2008 NA — NA — — Prince → Head (racquets); Nike (apparel & shoes) 2H 1
(41)
KDA
[33]
2004		 S
2 Yevgeny Kafelnikov
(b. 1974),
before the Russian Federation, also represented the USSR and the CIS		 Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg Tiger.svg 2
(6)		 0 0
(7)		 G-2000 26
(53)
27
(56)		 2002 RTD 2003
2010		 — — 2002 2019 Fischer (racquets); Lotto → Diadora → Fischer → Nike (apparel & shoes)[34] 2H 1
(4)
KDA
[33]
1996		 S
3 Svetlana Kuznetsova
(b. 1985)		 Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg Ox.svg 2
(4)		 0 2
(6)		 QF
(QF)		 18
(34)
19
(35)		 2004
2007
2008		 NA — NA 2015 — Head (racquets); Fila → Qiaodan [zh] (apparel & shoes) 2H 2
(3)
SPE
2004		 NW
4 Marat Safin
(b. 1980)		 Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg Monkey 2.svg 2 0 5 2R 15
(17)
16
(19)		 2002
2006		 RTD 2009 — — 2010 2016 Head (racquets), Adidas (apparel & shoes) 2H 1
(71)
MOW
2000		 C
5 Daniil Medvedev**
(b. 1996)		 Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg Boar.svg 1 1 4 QF
(1R)		 13
14
18
(22)		 2021 2021 — 2021 — — Wilson → Tecnifibre (racquets); Tecnifibre → Lotto → Lacoste (apparel); Lotto → Nike → Lacoste (shoes)[35] 2H 1
(170)
MOW
2019		 C
6 Anastasia Myskina
(b. 1981)		 Cancer symbol (fixed width).svg Rooster.svg 1 0 2
(3)		 SF
(2R)		 10
(15)
13
(21)		 2004
2005		 NA — NA 2011 — Head (racquets), Nike (apparel & shoes) 2H 2
(15)
MOW
2004		 C
Year-End Championships winners with no Grand Slam singles title (1 player has won 1 men's event)
7 Nikolay Davydenko
(b. 1981)		 Gemini symbol (fixed width).svg Rooster.svg 0 1 3 2R
(QF)		 21
(23)
25
(27)
26
(28)		 2006 RTD 2014 — — 2012 — Prince → Dunlop (racquets); Lotto[36] → Diadora → Airness → Asics (apparel & shoes) 2H 3
(31)
VGG
2007		 S
Champions of ATP-Masters/ WTA-1000 without GS and/or YEC singles title (8 players have won 17 events, 3 men's / 14 women's)
8 Elena Dementieva
(b. 1981)		 Libra symbol (fixed width).svg Rooster.svg 0 0
(1)		 3
(5)		 S-2000
G-2008
(1R)		 16
(22)
19
(28)		 2005 NA — NA 2011 — Yonex (racquets); Nike → Yonex (apparel & shoes) 2H 3
(5)
MOW
2000		 C
9 Nadia Petrova
(b. 1982)		 Gemini symbol (fixed width).svg Dog 2.svg 0 0
(2)		 3
(12)		 3R
(B)		 13
(37)
17
(41)		 2007 NA 2007 NA 2013 — Babolat (racquets); Adidas → Fila (apparel & shoes) 2H 3
(3)
MOW
2008		 C
10 Vera Zvonareva
(b. 1984)		 Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg Rat 2.svg 0
(3—5)		 0 1
(4)		 B-2008 12
(23—25)
12
(24—26)
15
(28—30)		 2004
2008		 NA — NA 2014 — Fischer → Prince (racquets); Adidas → K-Swiss → Fila → Bidi Badu[37] (apparel); Adidas → K-Swiss → Fila → Adidas (shoes); Solinco (bag, grip, strings) 2H 2
(9)
MOW
2004		 C
11 Dinara Safina
(b. 1986)		 Aries symbol (fixed width).svg Tiger.svg 0
(1)		 0 5
(6)		 S-2008
(QF)		 12
(21)
15
(27)		 2005
2008		 NA — NA — — Babolat (racquets); Adidas → Sergio Tacchini (apparel & shoes) 2H 1
(8)
MOW
2006		 C
NA Andrei Medvedev
(b. 1974),
before Ukraine, also represented the USSR & the CIS		 Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg Tiger.svg 0 0 4 RTD 2001 11 — — — — — — Fischer → Völkl → Fischer (racquets); Fila (apparel & shoes) 2H 4
(185)		 NA
2000
(UKR)		 NA
12 Anna Chakvetadze
(b. 1987)		 Pisces symbol (fixed width).svg Rabbit.svg 0 0 1 RTD 2013 8
10
(11)		 2007
2008		 NA — NA — — Wilson (racquets), Adidas (apparel & shoes) 2H 5
(53)
MOW
2008		 C
13 Andrei Chesnokov
(b. 1966),
before the Russian Federation, also represented the USSR, the CIS & the Unified Team		 Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg Horse.svg 0 0 2 2R 7
10		 — RTD 1999 — — 2003 — Völkl → Head (racquets); Nike → Lotto (apparel & shoes) 2H 9
(342)
MOW
1998		 C
14 Karen Khachanov**
(b. 1996)		 Gemini symbol (fixed width).svg Rat 2.svg 0 0 1 S-2020
(1R)		 4
6
11
(12)		 2021 — — — — — Wilson (racquets); Nike (apparel & shoes) 2H 8
(64)
MOW
2021		 C
15 Elena Vesnina
(b. 1986)		 Leo symbol (fixed width).svg Tiger.svg 0
(3—4)		 0
(1)		 1
(9)		 2R
(G—S)		 3
(21—22)
5
(29—30)		 2007
2008		 NA — NA — — Babolat (racquets); Adidas → Lacoste → Nike → Bosco di Ciliegi [it; ru] (apparel & shoes) 2H 13
(1)
KDA
[33]
2008		 S
Champions without GS and/or YEC and/or ATP-Masters / WTA-1000 singles title (12 players, 6 men's & 6 women's, with 3+ titles each)
16 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova**
(b. 1991)		 Cancer symbol (fixed width).svg Goat.svg 0 0 0
(1)		 QF
( —G)		 12
(17—18)
17
(30—31)		 2021 NA — NA — — Babolat → Wilson (racquets); Adidas → Sofibella → Lacoste (apparel); Adidas → Nike (shoes) 2H 11
(21)
MOS
2021		 C
17 Mikhail Youzhny
(b. 1982)		 Cancer symbol (fixed width).svg Dog 2.svg 0 0 0 QF
(2R)		 10
(19)
15
(25)
19
(30)		 2002
2006		 RTD 2018 — — 2012 — Head (racquets); Adidas → Fila (apparel & shoes) 1H 8
(38)
MOW
2003		 C
18 Andrey Rublev**
(b. 1997)		 Libra symbol (fixed width).svg Ox.svg 0 0 0 1R
(1R—G)		 10
(13—14)
11
(16—17)
15
(21—22)		 2021 2021 — 2021 — — Wilson → Head (racquets); Nike (apparel & shoes) 2H 5
(55)
MOW
2021		 C
NA Alex Metreveli***
(b. 1944),
represented the USSR: from the GSSR (now Georgia)		 Scorpius symbol (fixed width).svg Monkey 2.svg 0 0 NA RTD 1979 9
(10)		 — — NA NA 2002 — Dunlop (racquets & shoes), Fred Perry, Sergio Tacchini (apparel)[38] 1H 9 NA
1966
(URS)		 NA
NA Olga Morozova***
(b. 1949),
represented the USSR: from the RSFSR (now the Russian Federation)		 Pisces symbol (fixed width).svg Ox.svg 0
(1)		 0 NA RTD 1977
1989		 8
(24)
33
(75)		 — NA NA NA 2006 — Wilson (racquets); Fred Perry, Lacoste (apparel)[38] 1H 3
(—)		 NA
1971
(URS)		 NA
19 Dmitry Tursunov
(b. 1982)		 Sagittarius symbol (fixed width).svg Dog 2.svg 0 0 0 1R
(2R)		 7
(14)
19
(31)
24
(37)		 2006 RTD 2017 2007 — 2014 — Wilson (racquets); Adidas → Fila (apparel & shoes) 2H 20
(36)
MOW
2007		 C
20 Maria Kirilenko
(b. 1987)		 Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg Tiger.svg 0 0
(1)		 0
(3)		 SF
(B)		 6
(18)
8
(20)		 — NA — NA — — Yonex (racquets), Adidas (apparel & shoes) 2H 10
(5)
MOS
2012		 C
NA Natasha Zvereva
(b. 1971),
before Belarus, also represented the USSR, the CIS & the Unified Team		 Aries symbol (fixed width).svg Boar.svg 0
(18—20)		 0
(3)		 0
(23)		 QF
(B)		 4
(84—86)
7
(90—92)		 — NA — NA 2009 2010 Yonex (racquets); Nike → Lotto → Adidas → Yonex (apparel & shoes) 2H 5
(1)		 NA
1991
(URS)		 NA
NA Natalia Medvedeva
(b. 1971),
before Ukraine, also represented the USSR & the CIS		 Scorpius symbol (fixed width).svg Boar.svg 0 0 0 —
(1R)		 4
(16)
4
(17)		 — NA — NA — — Prince (racquets); Nike → Reebok → Fila (apparel & shoes) 2H 23
(21)		 NA
2000
(UKR)		 NA
21 Daria Kasatkina**
(b. 1997)		 Taurus symbol (fixed width).svg Ox.svg 0 0 0 QF
(QF)		 4
(5)
11
(12)		 2021 NA — NA — — Tecnifibre → Artengo (racquets); Nike → Adidas (apparel & shoes) 2H 10
(43)		 — V
22 Elena Likhovtseva
(b. 1975)
before the Russian Federation, also represented the USSR, the CIS & Kazakhstan		 Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg Rabbit.svg 0
(0—2)		 0 0
(4)		 1R
(2R)		 3
(30—32)
5
(38—40)		 — NA — NA 2010 — Wilson (racquets); Nike → Diadora (apparel & shoes) 2H 15
(3)
MOW
2000		 C
23 Ekaterina Makarova
(b. 1988)		 Gemini symbol (fixed width).svg Dragon.svg 0
(3—4)		 0
(1)		 0
(7)		 3R
(G)		 3
(18—19)
6
(30—31)		 2008 NA — NA — — Wilson (racquets); Nike → Asics → Lotto → Sergio Tacchini (apparel & shoes) 2H/L 8
(1)
MOW
2009		 C
24 Elena Bovina
(b. 1983)		 Pisces symbol (fixed width).svg Boar.svg 0
(0—1)		 0 0
(2)		 RTD 2018 3
(8—9)
11
(27—28)		 2005 NA — NA — — Head → Wilson (racquets); Nike (apparel & shoes) 2H 14
(14)		 — C
25 Aslan Karatsev**
(b. 1993)		 Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg Rooster.svg 0 0 0 2R
(1R—S)		 3
(4)
6
(8)
16
(21)		 2021 2021 — — — — Head (racquets); Adidas → Hydrogen (apparel); Asics (shoes) 2H 14
(87)
RU-SE
2021		 NC
26 Igor Andreev**
(b. 1983)		 Cancer symbol (fixed width).svg Boar.svg 0 0 0 3R
(QF)		 3
(4)
3
(7)
7
(11)		 2006
/
CPT
2021		 RTD 2013 — — 2013 — Babolat (racquets); Reebok → Under Armour → Sergio Tacchini (apparel & shoes) 2H 18
(59)
MOW
2008		 C
27 Alexander Volkov
(1967—2019),
before the Russian Federation, also represented the USSR & the CIS		 Pisces symbol (fixed width).svg Goat.svg 0 0 0 1R
(1R)		 3
4
7
(11)		 — RTD 1998 — — 2005 — Völkl (racquets), Reebok (apparel & shoes) 2H/L 14
(136)
KGD
1999		 NW
Before the Open Era (1968)
NA Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston
(1893—1970),
represented the Russian Empire: from the Taurida Governorate (now Ukraine de jure / the Russian Federation de facto)		 Scorpius symbol (fixed width).svg Snake.svg 0 NA NA 4R
(QF)		 0
39[39]		 — NA NA NA 2002 — Sumarokov family COA 1H/L — NA NA
NA Anna Dmitrieva
(b. 1940),
represented the USSR: from the RSFSR (now the Russian Federation)		 Sagittarius symbol (fixed width).svg Dragon.svg 0 NA NA RTD 1973 0
12
(25)		 — NA NA NA 2004 — Wilson (racquets), Fred Perry (apparel)[40] 1H/L — NA
1964
(URS)		 NA
SUMMARY (27 players: 12 men's & 15 women's)
2x ♈︎ Aries, 1x ♉︎ Taurus, 4x ♊︎ Gemini, 4x ♋︎ Cancer, 1x ♌︎ Leo, 4x ♍︎ Virgo, 2x ♎︎ Libra, 0x ♏︎ Scorpio, 1x ♐︎ Sagittarius (or 1x ⛎︎ Ophiuchus), 0x ♑︎ Capricorn, 5x ♒︎ Aquarius & 3x ♓︎ Pisces;
Polarity: Positive — 4x Fire symbol (alchemical).svg Fire signs & 11x Air symbol (alchemical).svg Air signs, Negative — 5x Earth symbol (alchemical).svg Earth signs & 7x Water symbol (alchemical).svg Water signs;

Modality: 8x Cardinal symbol.svg Cardinal, 7x Fixed symbol.svg Fixed & 12x Mutable symbol.svg Mutable;

2x 🐭子 Rat, 3x 🐮丑 Ox, 4x 🐯寅 Tiger, 3x 🐰卯 Rabbit, 1x 🐲辰 Dragon, 0x 🐍巳 Snake, 1x 🐴午 Horse, 2x 🐐未 Goat, 1x 🐵申 Monkey, 4x 🐔酉 Rooster, 3x 🐶戌 Dog & 3x 🐷亥 Pig;
☯️Yin/Yang: 15x Yin & 12x Yang signs (Trines: 4x 1st, 7x 2nd, 8x 3rd & 8x 4th signs);
Direction (season): 8x❄️ North (winter), 8x🍃 East (spring), 3x☀️ South (summer) & 8x🍂 West (autumn) signs;

Fixed element: 7x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Bois.svgWood, 1x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Feu.svgFire, 9x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Terre.svgEarth, 5x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Métal.svgMetal & 5x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Eau.svgWater signs.
SUMMARY (7 former countries' players: 3 men's & 4 women's)
1x ♈︎ Aries, 0x ♉︎ Taurus, 0x ♊︎ Gemini, 0x ♋︎ Cancer, 0x ♌︎ Leo, 1x ♍︎ Virgo, 0x ♎︎ Libra, 3x ♏︎ Scorpio, 1x ♐︎ Sagittarius (or 1x ⛎︎ Ophiuchus), 0x ♑︎ Capricorn, 0x ♒︎ Aquarius & 1x ♓︎ Pisces;
Polarity: Positive — 2x Fire symbol (alchemical).svg Fire signs & 0x Air symbol (alchemical).svg Air signs, Negative — 1x Earth symbol (alchemical).svg Earth signs & 4x Water symbol (alchemical).svg Water signs;

Modality: 1x Cardinal symbol.svg Cardinal, 3x Fixed symbol.svg Fixed & 3x Mutable symbol.svg Mutable;

0x 🐭子 Rat, 1x 🐮丑 Ox, 1x 🐯寅 Tiger, 0x 🐰卯 Rabbit, 1x 🐲辰 Dragon, 1x 🐍巳 Snake, 0x 🐴午 Horse, 0x 🐐未 Goat, 1x 🐵申 Monkey, 0x 🐔酉 Rooster, 0x 🐶戌 Dog & 2x 🐷亥 Pig;
☯️ Yin/Yang: 4x Yin & 3x Yang signs (Trines: 2x 1st, 2x 2nd, 1x 3rd & 2x 4th signs);
Direction (season): 3x❄️ North (winter), 2x🍃 East (spring), 1x☀️ South (summer) & 1x🍂 West (autumn) signs;

Fixed element: 1x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Bois.svgWood, 1x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Feu.svgFire, 2x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Terre.svgEarth, 1x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Métal.svgMetal & 2x Drapeaux des cinq elements - Eau.svgWater signs.
Legend
* completed Career Grand Slam in singles
** winner of the 2020–21 Davis / Billie Jean King Cup, first two male/female team titles with the flag of RTF (Russian Tennis Federation logo colors: grayish blue, dark blue, vivid red)[41] and a fragment of Piano Concerto No. 1 by ♉︎ Pyotr Tchaikovsky[42] (1840–1893; from the present-day RU-UD) serving as an anthem — exactly, the beginning of the first movement (Allegro non troppo e molto maestoso)[c]
*** first-time local winners of Grand Prix / WTC (predecessors of ATP / WTA circuits) tournament in singles (1971)

First local champions timeline[edit]

Significant events[edit]

See also: List of Open Era Grand Slam champions from Russia (1992–present) and Soviet Union (1922–1991)
Event Singles Doubles Wheelchair Singles Wheelchair Doubles
Men's Women's Men's Women's Mixed M W Q M W Q
Australian Open Norman Brookes Challenge Cup (Australian Open - Gentlemen's single).svg✓ 1999: Yevgeny Kafelnikov Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup (Australian Open - Women's single).svg✓ 2008: Maria Sharapova — ✓ 1999: Anna Kournikova

✓ 2012: Svetlana Kuznetsova & Vera Zvonareva

† 1990: Natasha Zvereva
✓ 1994: Andrei Olhovskiy

✓ 2004: Elena Bovina

— — — — — —
French Open Coupe des Mousquetaires (French Open - Gentlemen's single).svg✓ 1996: Yevgeny Kafelnikov Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (French Open - Women's single).svg✓ 2004: Anastasia Myskina ✓ 1996: Yevgeny Kafelnikov † 1974: Olga Morozova
† 1989: Larisa Savchenko-Neiland & Natasha Zvereva
‡ 1992: Natasha Zvereva

✓ 2013: Ekaterina Makarova & Elena Vesnina

¶ 1993: Eugenia Maniokova & Andrei Olhovskiy — — — — — —
Wimbledon — Venus Rosewater Dish (Wimbledon - Women's single).svg✓ 2004: Maria Sharapova — † 1991: Larisa Savchenko-Neiland & Natasha Zvereva
‡ 1992: Natasha Zvereva

✓ 2017: Ekaterina Makarova & Elena Vesnina

✓ 2002: Elena Likhovtseva — — — — — —
US Open US Open Trophy (US Open - Gentlemen's single).svg✓ 2000: Marat Safin US Open Trophy (US Open - Women's single).svg✓ 2004: Svetlana Kuznetsova ✓ 1997: Yevgeny Kafelnikov † 1991: Natasha Zvereva
‡ 1992: Natasha Zvereva
✓ 2006: Vera Zvonareva

✓ 2014: Ekaterina Makarova & Elena Vesnina

✓ 2004: Vera Zvonareva — — — — — —
Olympics
Paralympics 		✓♯ 2000 Sydney: Yevgeny Kafelnikov ✓ 2008 Beijing: Elena Dementieva — ✓ 2016 Rio: Ekaterina Makarova & Elena Vesnina ♯ 2020 Tokyo: Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova & Andrey Rublev — — — — — —
ATP Finals
WTA Finals
WC Masters 		ATP World Tour Finals Singles Trophy (London).svg✓ 2009: Nikolay Davydenko WTA-Finals-Trophy.svg✓ 2004: Maria Sharapova — ✓ 1999: Anna Kournikova

✓ 2012: Maria Kirilenko & Nadia Petrova

NA — — — — — —
ATP Masters
WTA 1000
WC Super Series 		†✓ 1990 Monte Carlo: Andrei Chesnokov

✓ 2000 Canada (T): Marat Safin

✓ 2003 Moscow: Anastasia Myskina ✓ 1994 Rome: Yevgeny Kafelnikov

✓ 1995 Canada (M): Yevgeny Kafelnikov & Andrei Olhovskiy

† 1990 Boca Raton: Larisa Savchenko-Neiland & Natasha Zvereva
‡ 1992 Boca Raton: Natasha Zvereva
✓ 1999 Indian Wells: Anna Kournikova

✓ 2004 Moscow: Anastasia Myskina & Vera Zvonareva

NA — — — — — —
Legend
† first-time winner with the banner of  Soviet Union
†✓ first-time winner with the banner of Soviet Union USSR, following the dissolution also competed with the banners of CIS & Russia
‡ first-time winner with the banner of Commonwealth of Independent States CIS
¶ first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (1993 colors: white, azure, scarlet), only GS champions with the banner[45]
✓ first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (white, blue, red)[45]
✓♯ first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (white, blue, red) and "The Patriotic Song" by ♊︎ Mikhail Glinka (1804—1857; from the modern-day RU-SMO) serving as an anthem
♯ first-time winner with the banner of Russia ROC (Russian Olympic Committee) and Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 fragment as an anthem

Other ATP / WTA events[edit]

Event Singles Doubles
Men's Women's Men's Women's
ATP Tour 500
WTA 500 		‡ 1992 Stuttgart: Andrei Medvedev

✓ 1995 Milan: Yevgeny Kafelnikov

✓ 2002 Salvador (Bahia): Anastasia Myskina ✓ 1994 Barcelona: Yevgeny Kafelnikov † 1990 Eastbourne: Larisa Savchenko-Neiland & Natasha Zvereva
‡ 1992 Amelia Island: Natasha Zvereva
✓1998 Leipzig: Elena Likhovtseva

✓ 2004 Doha: Elena Likhovtseva & Svetlana Kuznetsova

ATP Tour 250
WTA 250 		† 1971 Grand Prix Hobart: Alex Metreveli
†✓ 1987 Grand Prix Florence: Andrei Chesnokov
‡ 1992 Genoa: Andrei Medvedev
1993 Auckland: Alexander Volkov

✓ 1994 Adelaide: Yevgeny Kafelnikov

† 1971 WTC Moscow, NTE: Olga Morozova
† 1971 WTC Buenos Aires, NTE abroad: Olga Morozova
† 1973 WTA London, GP: Olga Morozova
‡ 1992 Linz: Natalia Medvedeva
✓! 1997 Gold Coast: Elena Likhovtseva

✓ 1999 Palermo: Anastasia Myskina

✓ 1994 Munich: Yevgeny Kafelnikov

✓ 1995 Estoril: Yevgeny Kafelnikov & Andrei Olhovskiy

† 1971 WTC Sydney, NTE: Olga Morozova
† 1972 WTC South Orange, NTE: Marina Kroschina & Olga Morozova
† 1973 WTA Hingham, GP: Marina Kroschina & Olga Morozova
‡ 1992 Pattaya: Natalia Medvedeva
1993 Linz: Eugenia Maniokova
✓ 1994 Moscow: Elena Makarova & Eugenia Maniokova

♮ 2022 Lyon: Vera Zvonareva

Legend
† first-time winner with the banner of  Soviet Union
†✓ first-time winner with the banner of Soviet Union USSR, following the dissolution also competed with the banners of CIS & Russia
‡ first-time winner with the banner of Commonwealth of Independent States CIS
¶ first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (1993 colors: white, azure, scarlet)[45]
✓ first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (white, blue, red)[45]
✓! first-time winner with the banner of Russia Russia (white, blue, red), also set an equivalent record earlier, in 1993, Montpellier, with the banner of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
♮ first-time winner with the banner of Russia (white, neutral; no country name) following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Olympics medal count[edit]

See also: Tennis at the Summer Olympics § Medal tables
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Russia (RUS)3328
2 ROC (ROC)1203
3 Unified Team (EUN)0022
4 Russian Empire (RU1)0000
 Soviet Union (URS)0000
Totals (5 nations)45413

Juniors[edit]

See also: List of Grand Slam champions: boys' singles, girls' singles, boys' doubles, girls' doubles, Junior Davis Cup and Junior Billie Jean King Cup, and Tennis at the Youth Olympic Games

16-and-under teams[edit]

Junior Davis / Billie Jean King Cup winners
Tournament Year Host Winner
Boys 1990 Netherlands Rotterdam  Soviet Union
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (later represented Commonwealth of Independent States CIS (1992),
Russia/
Russia, since 1993)[45]
Andrei Medvedev (later represented Commonwealth of Independent States CIS (1992),

Ukraine, since 1993)
Dmitri Tomashevich (later represented Commonwealth of Independent States CIS (1992),

Uzbekistan, since 1993)
Girls 1997 Canada Vancouver  Russia
Anastasia Myskina
Elena Dementieva
Girls 2009 Mexico San Luis Potosí  Russia
Ksenia Kirillova
Daria Gavrilova (since 2015, has been representing
Australia)
Polina Leykina*
Girls 2010 Mexico San Luis Potosí  Russia
Margarita Gasparyan
Daria Gavrilova (since 2015, has been representing
Australia)
Victoria Kan*
Girls 2013 Mexico San Luis Potosí  Russia
Veronika Kudermetova
Daria Kasatkina
Aleksandra Pospelova*
Boys 2016 Hungary Budapest  Russia
Alen Avidzba
Timofey Skatov (since 2018, has been representing
Kazakhstan)
Alexey Zakharov
Boys 2021 Turkey Antalya  Russia
Yaroslav Demin
Maxim Zhukov
Danil Panarin*
Legend
* was part of the winning team but did not play in the final

Junior GS singles finalists by year[edit]

Local Boys' titles
Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1959 — — Soviet Union Toomas Leius
started in 1973
1965 — — Soviet Union Vladimir Korotkov
1966 — Soviet Union Vladimir Korotkov Soviet Union Vladimir Korotkov
1991 — Soviet Union Andrei Medvedev — —
2009 — — Russia Andrey Kuznetsov —
2014 — Russia Andrey Rublev — —
2015 Russia Roman Safiullin — — —
Total by
country		 1x Russia 2x Soviet Union
1x Russia		 3x Soviet Union
1x Russia		 —
Local Boys' runner-ups
Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1962 — — Soviet Union Alex Metreveli
started in 1973
1964 — — Soviet Union Vladimir Korotkov
1987 — — — Soviet Union Andrei Cherkasov
1999 Russia Mikhail Youzhny — — —
Local Girls' titles
Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1961 — — Soviet Union Galina Baksheeva
started in 1974
1962 — — Soviet Union Galina Baksheeva
1965 — — Soviet Union Olga Morozova
1971 — Soviet Union Yelena Granaturova Soviet Union Marina Kroschina
1975 — — Soviet Union Natasha Chmyreva Soviet Union Natasha Chmyreva
1976 — — Soviet Union Natasha Chmyreva —
1986 no competition — Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva —
1987 — Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva
1998 — Russia Nadia Petrova — —
1999 — — — Russia Lina Krasnoroutskaya
2002 — — Russia Vera Dushevina Russia Maria Kirilenko
2006 Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova — — Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
2007 Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova — — —
2009 Russia Ksenia Pervak — — —
2010 — — — Russia Daria Gavrilova
2014 Russia Elizaveta Kulichkova Russia Daria Kasatkina — —
2015 — — Russia Sofya Zhuk —
2016 — — Russia Anastasia Potapova —
Total by
country		 4x Russia 2x Soviet Union
2x Russia		 8x Soviet Union
3x Russia		 2x Soviet Union
4x Russia
Local Girls' runner-ups
Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1958 — — Soviet Union Anna Dmitrieva
started in 1974
1968 — Soviet Union Eugenia Isopaitis —
1970 — — Soviet Union Marina Kroschina
1986 no competition — Soviet Union Leila Meskhi —
1990 — Soviet Union Tatiana Ignatieva — —
1991 — — Soviet Union Elena Makarova —
1999 — — Russia Lina Krasnoroutskaya Russia Nadia Petrova
2001 — Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova Russia Dinara Safina Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova
2002 Russia Maria Sharapova — Russia Maria Sharapova —
2003 — Russia Vera Dushevina Russia Anna Chakvetadze —
2009 — Russia Daria Gavrilova — Russia Yana Buchina
2010 — — — Russia Yulia Putintseva
2011 — — Russia Irina Khromacheva —
2012 Russia Yulia Putintseva — — —
2015 — Russia Anna Kalinskaya Russia Anna Blinkova —
2021 — Russia Erika Andreeva — —
Legend
Player won 3 Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same year
Player won 2 Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same year
Bolded name indicates player went on to win Senior Grand Slam singles title

Junior GS singles titles by country[edit]

17 
  Soviet Union
16 
  Russia

Junior GS doubles champions by year[edit]

Event Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
Girls' Doubles 1984 Soviet Union Larisa Savchenko — — —
Girls' Doubles 1986 no competition Soviet Union Leila Meskhi
Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva		 — —
Girls' Doubles 1987 — Soviet Union Natalia Medvedeva
Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva		 Soviet Union Natalia Medvedeva
Soviet Union Natasha Zvereva		 —
Girls' Doubles 2001 — — — Russia Galina Fokina
Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova
Girls' Doubles 2003 — — Russia Alisa Kleybanova cancelled due to inclement weather
Girls' Doubles 2005 — — — Russia Alisa Kleybanova
Girls' Doubles 2006 Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Russia Alisa Kleybanova
Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova		 —
Girls' Doubles 2007 Russia Evgeniya Rodina
Russia Arina Rodionova		 — Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova —
Girls' Doubles 2008 Russia Ksenia Lykina
Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova		 — — —
Girls' Doubles 2009 — — — Russia Valeriya Solovyeva
Girls' Doubles 2011 — Russia Irina Khromacheva — Russia Irina Khromacheva
Girls' Doubles 2012 — Russia Daria Gavrilova
Russia Irina Khromacheva		 — —
Girls' Doubles 2014 Russia Elizaveta Kulichkova — — —
Girls' Doubles 2015 — — — Russia Aleksandra Pospelova
Girls' Doubles 2016 Russia Anna Kalinskaya — — —
Girls' Doubles 2019 — — — Russia Oksana Selekhmeteva
Girls' Doubles 2021 not held Russia Oksana Selekhmeteva Russia Diana Shnaider —
Girls' Doubles 2022 Russia Diana Shnaider
Total by
country		 1x Soviet Union
6x Russia		 2x Soviet Union
4x Russia		 1x Soviet Union
4x Russia		 6x Russia
Legend
Player/Team won 3 Grand Slam doubles tournaments in the same year
Player/Team won 2 Grand Slam doubles tournaments in the same year
Bolded name indicates player went on to win Senior Grand Slam doubles title

Junior GS doubles titles by country[edit]

20 
  Russia
4 
  Soviet Union

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Russo-Scottish tartan is based on two of Russia's most iconic figures — the poet and dissident Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841) and Field Marshall and Prince of the Russian Empire Michael Barclay de Tolly (1757-1818) both of whom were descendants of Scots.[9]
  2. ^ Even under [the rule of] Alexander II the dominance of the Baltic Germans in Russia remained. Mikhail Katkov's employee, the Latvian Krisjanis Valdemar, in the article "Who rules Russia: the Russians themselves or the Germans?" collected the statistics: "Among ministers – 15% are Germans, among members of the State Council - 25%, among senators - 40%, generals - 50%, governors - 60%. And since the governors run Russia, this will be the answer to the question posed. Since all the Empresses [consorts] are German, it is natural that under their protection the Germans infiltrate into the higher administration. Katkov, having read the article with amazement, did not believe in the numbers. And he told the secretary to check it. The results of the check were even more striking: there were not 40 but 63% of German senators! But Katkov published Valdemar's article, replacing only the words about Empresses with 'high officials'".[12]
  3. ^ Previous six team titles, two Davis Cups (2002, 2006) and four BJK Cups (2004, 2005, 2007, 2008), have been won with the flag of  Russia and the National anthem of Russia including the ♈︎ Alexander Alexandrov (1883—1946; from the present-day RU-RYA) music (adopted since 25 December 2000), controversial for its similarity to the famous Pachelbel's Canon and also for its previous use during the Cold War period (1944—1991), with lyrics by ♓︎ Sergey Mikhalkov (1913—2009) adopted since 30 December 2000. Back then in 1944, the song version with lyrics co-written by Sergey Mikhalkov with Armenian-speaking ♐︎ Gabriel El-Registan (1899—1945), under control of uncredited Georgian-speaking ♐︎ Joseph Stalin, served as a replacement of "The Internationale" anthem (1918—1944) — common music by Belgium ♎︎ Pierre De Geyter (1848—1932) and lyrics by France ♎︎ Eugène Pottier (1816—1887) with the local translation by Yiddish-speaking ♎︎ Arkady (Aaron) Kots (1872—1943; from the present-day  Ukraine) aimed to manipulate and benefit from some fundamental values of the majority of Russians who have always preferred cats over dogs: "And if a great thunder breaks out over a pack of dogs and executioners, for us, the Sun again will start to shine the fire of its rays (Russian: И если гром великий грянет / Над сворой псов и палачей, – / Для нас всё так же солнце станет / Сиять огнём своих лучей; Russian pronunciation: [i ˈjeslʲɪ ɡrom vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪɪ̯ ˈɡrʲænʲɪd nɐt͡s‿ˈsvorəɪ̯ psof i pəɫɐˈt͡ɕeɪ̯ dlʲa nas fsʲɵ ˈtaɡ‿ʐɨ ˈsont͡sə ˈstanʲɪt͡s sʲɪˈjætʲ ɐˈɡnʲɵm svɐˈix ɫʊˈt͡ɕeɪ̯])".[43][44]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Russian Tennis Federation". tennis-russia.ru (in Russian). Russian Tennis Federation. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Joint Statement by the International Governing Bodies of Tennis". atptour.com. ATP Tour. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Макферсон Артур Давыдович" [Transliteration: Makferson Artur Davydovich]. smsport.ru. Contemporary Sports Museum. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  4. ^ "Бобров Георгий Николаевич" [Bobrov Georgy Nikolayevich]. bessmertnybarak.ru. Bessmertny Barak. Retrieved 1 December 2021. Sentenced: by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on June 20, 1938, on charges of participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization
  5. ^ a b c d e "Федерация тенниса СССР" [Tennis Federation of the USSR]. sport-strana.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  6. ^ "WOLF in other languages — Languages of Europe on Maps". baltoslav.eu. BaltoSlav. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Shamil Tarpishchev". olympic.ru. Russian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Chairman of the Tennis Federation of the USSR (1991) and of the CIS (1992)
  8. ^ a b "Региональные федерации" [Regional Federations]. tennis-russia.ru (in Russian). Russian Tennis Federation. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  9. ^ "Tartan Details - Russian Scottish". tartanregister.gov.uk. Scottish Government. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  10. ^ a b "The History of Russian Tennis". schooltennis.ru. Alexander Ostrovsky Academy.
  11. ^ Golovin, Alexander (20 March 2020). "Удивительные истории от Анны Дмитриевой: о Булгакове, Солженицыне, МХАТе, вдове Чехова и даже Фреде Перри" [Astonishing stories from Anna Dmitrieva: about Bulgakov, Solzhenitsyn, the Moscow Art Theater, Chekhov's widow, and even Fred Perry]. sports.ru (in Russian). Russia. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  12. ^ Polyakov, Vladimir. "The tragedy of oblivion". историк.рф (in Russian). Historian (Russian journal) [ru]. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  13. ^ "Tennis in the USSR (1928-1969)". tennis-russia.su (in Russian). Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Отца Марии Романовой обвиняют в пособничестве Гитлеру" [Maria Romanova's Father Is Accused of Helping Hitler]. svoboda.org (in Russian). Svoboda (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). 24 July 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2021. Representatives of the Russian nobility applied to Putin with a letter in which they demand not to grant special status to Maria Romanova due to the open support of her father for Hitler
  15. ^ "Tennis". russia.com. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  16. ^ Partee, Barbara (21 September 2004). "Language Log: Stress for Russian tennis players' names". itre.cis.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  17. ^ "WTA Singles Rankings". Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  18. ^ "European Tennis Trophy Winners 1991–2010". Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  19. ^ Nitkin, Pavel. "Елена Рыбакина вынесла Серену на РГ. Она родилась в Москве, но играет за Казахстан – это путь многих талантов, потому что в России нет денег" [Elena Rybakina rendered Serena at RG. She was born in Moscow but plays for Kazakhstan, this is a path of many talents because there is no money in Russia]. sports.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Шамиль Тарпищев о Медведеве и Рублёве, критике Сафина и Южного и о том,почему игроки бегут из России" [Shamil Tarpishchev about Medvelev and Rublev, about critical comments from Safin and Youzhny, and why players run away from Russia]. YouTube (in Russian). Myach Point. 29 December 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  21. ^ "Шамиль Тарпищев: «Бюджет Федерации тенниса России равен зарплате Гуса Хиддинка»" [Russian Tennis Federation budget equals Guus Hiddink's salary]. sports.ru (in Russian). 16 October 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  22. ^ Nitkin, Pavel (1 November 2019). "Наша федерация тенниса приписала себе успехи Медведева, Хачанова и Рублева. Но системы в России нет (цифры доказывают)" [Our tennis federation has received credit for the success of Medvedev, Khakhanov and Rublev. But Russia has no system (numbers prove it)]. sports.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  23. ^ Volkov, Igor (21 June 2007). "Не наша Маша. Шараповой не позволяют играть за Россию!" [Not our Masha. Sharapova is not allowed to play for Russia!]. u-f.ru (in Russian). Youzhny Federalny. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  24. ^ "Шамиль Тарпищев: «У нас есть система, но не хватает возможностей»" [Shamil Tarpihsev: "We have a system but there's a lack of opportunities"]. archive.tennis-russia.ru (in Russian). Russian Tennis Federation. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  25. ^ Golovin, Alexander (22 July 2019). "Он был моделью и тренировал Звонареву, но бросил все ради 15-летней. Сейчас она его жена и 4 в России" [He was a model and coached Zvonareva but dropped everything for a 15-year-old. Now she is his wife and number 4 in Russia]. sports.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 10 April 2021. There are problems in many countries, but the owners of the Grand Slams and the entire old Europe are receiving support from their federations. If you are a good junior, money is invested into you. You have a coach. Take as an example Andreescu whom we faced at [the level of ITF tournaments with prize, USD] 25,000. We arrived — Veronika and me. She doesn't pay me, plus we try to save money on everything. And Andreescu arrived with a coach, a fitness trainer and a physiotherapist. At the same time, when we crossed paths — in Japan — Veronica has won one tournament, Andreescu has won another
  26. ^ "Kuznetsova doping claim dismissed". edition.cnn.com. CNN. 18 January 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  27. ^ "Бокс. Бокс обошел по популярности хоккей" [Boxing. Boxing has become more popular than hockey]. sportrbc.ru. 1 March 2005. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  28. ^ Negin, Ilya (7 October 2019). "Почему теннис уже не популярен?" [Why is tennis not popular anymore?]. tennisweekend.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  29. ^ "Рублев считает, что климат России не подходит для тенниса" [Rublev thinks tennis doesn't suit Russia by climate]. sport-express.ru. Sport Express. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  30. ^ "«Уимблдон» купили за 10к долларов, а «Ролан Гаррос» показывали после речей Собчака. Так теннис появился на ТВ" [Wimbledon [broadcast] was bought for 10k dollars, and Roland Garros was shown after Sobchak's speeches. This is how tennis has appeared on TV]. sports.ru (in Russian). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  31. ^ Khabibrakhimov, Albert (2 July 2018). "Белорусы запустили в России сервис для поиска свободных теннисных кортов и привлекли €1 млн от «Нефтегазмаша»" [Belarusians launched a service in Russia for finding tennis courts and raised € 1 million from Neftegazmash]. vc.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  32. ^ "Zvonareva and Tursunov are inducted into [the local Russian] HoF". championat.com (in Russian). 25 April 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  33. ^ a b c Since 2019, the federal subject of Russia has been listed as "up for liberation" by Ukraine:"Кулеба відповів главі Держдуми: Готові прийняти пару областей РФ" [Kuleba responded to the head of State Duma: We are ready to accept a couple of Russian Federation regions]. ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Ukraine. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2021. To restore the historical justice, democratic governance, and to introduce European living standards
    Simultaneously, Ukraine can be renamed to Rus' and rename Russia to Moscovia on world maps (see Grand Duchy of Moscow borders — not to be confused with Pale of Settlement — perceived, by the Americans and their allies, as the only appropriate option for ethnic Russians wanting to keep their native language — all by the results of the USSR's surrender to the United States in the Cold War and the subsequent loss of de-facto independence by the Russian Federation):
  34. ^ "Yevgeny Kafelnikov 1994". gettyimages.com. Getty Images. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  35. ^ "Daniil Medvedev's Racquet". perfect-tennis.com. peRFect Tennis. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  36. ^ "Nikolay Davydenko 2001". gettyimages.com. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  37. ^ "Sponsors". zvonareva.ru. Vera Zvonareva Official Website. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  38. ^ a b "Alex Metrevely Pictures and Photos". gettyimages.com. Getty Images. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  39. ^ "Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston – Tennis – Russian Sport – Biographies". RusArtNet.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  40. ^ "Anna Dmitrieva Pictures and Photos". gettyimages.com. Getty Images. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  41. ^ "Grayish blue / #d4d4d5 hex color". colorxexa.com. ColorHexa.
  42. ^ Comparey, Michela (4 January 2020). "Classical Horoscopes: The Signs As Composers". ludwig-van.com. Toronto: Museland Media Inc. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
    • "We can guess your star sign from your musical taste (and play a piece inspired by it)". classicfm.com. Classic FM (UK). 16 September 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
    • "Debbie Wiseman: The Musical Zodiac". YouTube. Classic FM (UK). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
    • "Debbie Wiseman's 'Taurus' from 'The Musical Zodiac'". Facebook. Classic FM (UK). 23 November 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Debbie Wiseman introduces the next part of her 'Musical Zodiac' – inspired by Taurus
    • In the Russian language, Religious-studies wise, the most popular reference to a cattle in general, an ox or a horse, is the famous Ancient Greek: σκληρόν σοι πρός κέντρα λακτίζειν ("it is hard for you to kick against the pricks"), the Greek proverb from Acts 9:5 — controversial for its 1st century AD popularity through Euripides: Levinskaya, I. A. (2008). "9-28: Historical and philological commentary". Acts of the Apostles (in Russian). Faculty of Philology and Arts — St. Petersburg State University. pp. 537–539. σκληρόν σοι πρός κέντρα λακτίζειν (Тяжело тебе идти против рожна) — греческая пословица, неоднократно засвидетельствованная (с незначительными вариантами) в античной литературе от V в. до Р. X. до конца IV в. по Р. X. у поэтов и прозаиков См., например: Пиндар. Пифийские оды, 2.94-96: ποτι κέντρον δέ τοι λακτίζεμεν τελεθεί ολισθηρός οιμος — «против рожна идти — скользкий путь» (пер. М. Л. Гас- парова); Еврипид. Вакханки, 794 сл.: θύοιμ’ αν αύτώ μάλλον ή θυμούμενος πρός κέντρα λακτίζοιμι θνητός ών θεω «Чем на рожон идти — ты б лучше жертву ему принес; ты — человек, он — бог!» (пер. И. Анненского) {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  43. ^ Pospelov, Pyotr (8 February 2019). "От языка до пят". muzlifemagazine.ru (in Russian). Muzykalnaya Zhizn [ru]. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Forgotten and rediscovered in the 20th century, Pachelbel's canon has become a vernacular of mass culture and, as an example, the basis of the song "Go West": in the 1980s, in the United States, it was like a manifesto of freedom for same-sex couples, and in еру 1990s, in Britain, it became a satire on communism
  44. ^ "U.S. Objectives With Respect to Russia". history.stage.gov. United States Department of State. 18 August 1948. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2021. In general, it should be our objective in time of peace as well as in time of war, (a) to reduce the power and influence of Moscow to limits where they will no longer constitute a threat to the peace and stability of international society; and (b) to bring about a basic change in the theory and practice of international relations observed by the government in power in Russia.
  45. ^ a b c d e "Макрон изменил синий цвет на французском флаге. Но этого никто не заметил". meduza.io (in Russian). Meduza. 15 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021. In 1991-1993, the colors of the Russian state flag were designated as white, azure and scarlet. But in 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin changed the colors to white, blue and red. He also changed the ratio of the flag's width to its length — instead of 1:2, he has approved 2:3

External links[edit]

External video
video icon "Power, Anthem, and BadComedian", Nikita Mikhalkov — 1st President of the RTF — interview with English subtitles, released by the official Yury Dud YouTube channel, retrieved 27.11.2018
video icon "Vladimir Putin - Putin, Putout" (The Unofficial Russian Anthem), released by the official Klemen Slakonja YouTube channel, retrieved 27.02.2016
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