Democratic Party of Korea

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"Minjoo" redirects here. For the other parties, see Minjudang. For the given name, see Min-ju.

Democratic Party of Korea
더불어민주당
President of South KoreaMoon Jae-in
LeaderSong Young-gil
Floor leaderYun Ho-jung
Secretary-GeneralKim Young-jin
Chair of the
Policy Planning Committee		Park Wan-joo
Founded26 March 2014 (as the New Politics Alliance for Democracy)
28 December 2015 (as the Democratic Party)
Merger ofDemocratic Party
New Politics Alliance
Headquarters7, Gukhoe-daero 68-gil, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul
Think tankThe Institute for Democracy
Youth wingDemocratic Party of Youth
Membership (2019)4,065,408[1]
IdeologyLiberalism[2][3][4][5][6]
Social liberalism[7][8][9][10]
Factions:
Social conservatism[11][12]
Left-wing populism[13][14]
Political positionCentre[15] to centre-left[16]
Colours  Blue (Democratic)[17]
  Sea blue (NPAD)[18]
Seats in the National Assembly
172 / 300
Metropolitan Mayors and Governors
10 / 17
Municipal Mayors
151 / 226
Seats within local government
1,568 / 2,927
Website
theminjoo.kr Edit this at Wikidata
Democratic Party of Korea
Hangul
더불어민주당
Hanja
더불어民主黨[a]
Revised RomanizationDeobureominjudang
McCune–ReischauerTŏburŏminjudang
New Politics Alliance for Democracy
Hangul
새정치민주연합
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSaejeongchi Minju Yeonhap
McCune–ReischauerSaechŏngch'i Minju Yŏnhap
Headquarters of the Democratic Party

The Democratic Party of Korea (DPK),[b] formerly the New Politics Alliance for Democracy (NPAD), is a political party in South Korea.

The party was founded on 26 March 2014 as a merger of the Democratic Party and the preparatory committee of the New Political Vision Party (NPVP). The former Democratic Party was legally absorbed into the NPAD after the latter's creation, while the preparatory committee of the NPVP was dissolved, with members who supported the merger joining the NPAD individually.

History[edit]

Formation and Ahn–Kim leadership (March–July 2014)[edit]

Logo of the NPAD (2014–2015)

The Democratic Party was formed as the New Politics Alliance for Democracy[20] (새정치민주연합; Saejeongchi Minju Yeonhap) on 26 March 2014 after the independent faction led by Ahn Cheol-soo, then in the process of forming a party called the New Political Vision Party, merged with the main opposition Democratic Party, led by Kim Han-gil. Ahn and Kim became joint leaders of the new party.[21] The party performed poorly in by-elections that July, however, and both leaders stepped down, having served for three months. Leadership of the party was assumed by an emergency committee.[22]

Ahn–Moon split (2015–16)[edit]

The next year, at a party convention on 7 February, Moon Jae-in was elected the new chairman of the party.[23] Moon, who had previously served as chief of staff for former president Roh Moo-hyun,[23] was the leader of the party's "pro-Roh" faction, which was opposed to Ahn and Kim. Moon came under fire for imposing a "pro-Roh hegemony" in the party, as Ahn and Kim were jeered and harassed at a memorial service for Roh held in May 2015.[24]

The party hemorrhaged support as the factional conflict intensified, falling from around 40 to 30 percent in opinion polls.[25] A survey conducted on 12–14 November showed that supporters of the party wanted Ahn and Seoul mayor Park Won-soon to assume the leadership alongside Moon.[26] On 29 November, Ahn rejected a proposal from Moon to establish a joint leadership,[27] and the next month he presented Moon with an ultimatum, demanding that he would call a convention to elect a new party leader. Moon rejected the demand,[28] and Ahn left the party.[29]

Ahn was followed by a number of supportive NPAD assembly members, including his former co-leader Kim Han-gil,[30] and the group began preparations to form a new party.[31] On 12 January, Kwon Rho-kap, a former aide of President Kim Dae-jung and a popular figure in the party's traditional stronghold of Honam, also exited the party, similarly citing Moon's "pro-Roh hegemony".[32] Meanwhile, Ahn and Kim merged their group with that of another defector from the NPAD, Chun Jung-bae, to form the People's Party.[33]

Following the defections, the NPAD was renamed the Democratic Party of Korea on 27 December 2015, and Moon resigned on 27 January 2016.[34] Moon handed power to Kim Chong-in, an academic and former assemblyman who had more recently served as economic advisor to conservative President Park Geun-hye.[35][36] Kim was seen as an unexpected choice, as he had previously worked for the right-wing Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo administrations in the 1980s,[37] serving as an assembly member for the ruling Democratic Justice Party and as health and welfare minister under Roh.[38]

Under Kim Chong-in (January–August 2016)[edit]

Kim Chong-in viewed the pro–Roh Moo-hyun faction and what he considered the extremist wing of the party as responsible for the party's troubles, and pledged to diminish their influence.[39] In the lead-up to the 2016 parliamentary election he moved against key members of the pro-Roh faction in the nominations process, deselecting Lee Hae-chan, who had been Prime Minister under Roh and was now chairman of the Roh Moo-hyun Foundation.[40] Lee left the party in response.[39] Kim's moves proved controversial, and many of his nominations for the party's proportional representation list were rejected by the rest of the party leadership, while favored candidates of Moon were ranked near the top of the approved list. Kim offered to resign in March, but decided to stay on as leader after a personal visit from Moon.[41] Kim affirmed that he would continue to attempt to change the party's image, stating that the events had shown the party was "still unable to move on from its old ways".[35]

2016 legislative election victory[edit]

See also: 2016 South Korean legislative election

Though losing votes to the People's Party formed by Ahn, Chun and Kim Han-gil—particularly in Honam[25]—the party emerged as the overall winner of the election, garnering a plurality of seats (123 seats) in the National Assembly with a margin of one seat over the Saenuri Party. Lee Hae-chan returned to the Assembly as an independent representing Sejong City. Following its election victory, Kim Chong-in announced that the Minjoo Party would change its emphasis from welfare to economic growth and structural reform. Kim stated that the party would also change its position to support the establishment of for-profit hospitals, in contrast to the party's earlier opposition to the policy.[42]

Under Choo Mi-ae (August 2016–August 2018)[edit]

President of South Korea, Moon Jae-in (2017–present)

2017 presidential election victory[edit]

See also: 2017 South Korean presidential election

After the constitutional court impeached President Park Geun-hye over bribery, the Democratic Party's Moon Jae-in won the presidential election with a 41.1% plurality of the votes, with Hong Joon-pyo of Liberty Korea coming second with 24%.

2018 local elections victory[edit]

See also: 2018 South Korean local elections

Under Lee Hae-chan (August 2018–August 2020)[edit]

2020 legislative election victory[edit]

See also: 2020 South Korean legislative election

On 15 April 2020, Democratic party won far more votes than any other parties, and 176 candidates were elected. It took took 180 seats in the 300-member National Assembly with its allies. The main opposition United Future Party (UFP) won 103 seats.[43]

Under Lee Nak-yon (August 2020–March 2021)[edit]

On 9 March 2021, Lee Nak-yon resigned as the leader of the Democratic Party of Korea to run for 2022 South Korean presidential election.[44]

2021 by-elections[edit]

Following the major losses in the 2021 by-elections, party leadership was reorganized.[45] Do Jong-hwan became the interim party President.[45]

Under Song Young-gil (May 2021–present)[edit]

2022 presidential election[edit]

In October 2021, the Democratic Party nominated Lee Jae-myung as its nominee in the 2022 presidential election. Lee had beat other contenders such as former Democratic Party leaders Lee Nak-yon and Choo Mi-ae for the nomination.

Political position[edit]

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Democratic Party does not have an official and consistent ideology, but is generally described as a liberal party because of its historical position led by the South Korean democratization movement forces that resisted the anti-communist military dictatorship.[46][47] In general, the Democratic Party's political position is considered centrist[15][48][49] or centre-left.[50][51][52] The Democratic Party has also been described as having conservative and left-wing populist factions by various media.

Economic policies[edit]

The DPK supports the expansion of fiscal expenditures to gradually increase welfare, but there is in part an element of economic liberalism (fiscal conservativism). The party supports the market economy, but it also values the need for state intervention in the market.[53] In 2020, the party pledged to implement a version of the Green New Deal to move South Korea towards carbon neutrality by 2050.[54]

Labour policies[edit]

The party takes a favorable stance on government intervention in the market, while keeping some distance from labour politics and labour movements. For this reason, the DPK has been labelled as a "conservative-liberal" party (with the intention of distinguishing it from "liberal," which means centre-left politics in some countries).[55]

Social policies[edit]

The DPK's social position is inconsistent. The DPK is generally classified as a liberal political party, but it is also influenced by Christian forces, so it has some social conservative characters. The party opposed legislation on homosexuality and same-sex marriage during the 2018 local elections.[56] In addition, some Democratic politicians have taken a very conservative stance on some social issues.[12][57][58] However, the DPK opposes discrimination against homosexuals themselves in a narrow sense (not same-sex marriage), and argues that they should be recognized as citizens with dignity.[56][59]

Many DPK politicians are friendly to the etiquette and Confucian traditions of Korean culture.[60][61] The Hankyoreh and Hankook Ilbo, South Korean socially liberal journalists, strongly criticized the DPK for holding a discussion on the pros and cons of the anti-discrimination law and giving anti-LGBT the right to speak.[62][63]

The DPK's policy in perspective rooted in Christianity are also criticized by other religious circles. In December 2021, the Moon Jae-in government launched a campaign to promote carol music in stores such as restaurants and cafes, and invested 1.2 billion won (US$1,000,000 as of 2021). The Buddhist community strongly protested, calling it a policy that gives preferential treatment to a specific religion.[64]

However, the DPK is not socially conservative in every way. The DPK's social conservativism (in issues related to the LGBT or feminism) is mainly based on Christianity,[12] so it shows a moderate-to-liberal position on agendas related to right-wing Confucian socially conservatism. The DPK opposes corporal punishment for children and led to the complete abolition of laws in 2021 that justify corporal punishment for children in the past. The DPK also supports strengthening punishment for domestic violence.[65][66]

The DPK negatively views South Korea's dog meat intake culture and has criticized it from the perspective of liberalism. President Moon Jae-in said he was even considering a legal ban on dog meat in September 2021.[67] The DPK also actively supports the rights of vegetarians and vegan citizens.[68] In addition, the DPK supports liberal reform on student rights issues.[69]

The DPK's position on abortion depends on each politician. There are some socially conservative politicians who are pro-life, but most of the DPK is more pro-choice. In addition, Lee Jae-myung, a DPK candidate for the 2022 South Korean presidential election, insists on expanding health insurance for abortion, which was positively evaluated by feminist journalist Yeosong Shinmun.[70]

The DPK is taking an ambiguous position that neither supports nor opposes the abolition of the National Security Act.[71]

Foreign policy[edit]

The DPK's view of Japan varies from individual politicians to individual politicians, but the DPK's major politicians have political views that conflict with Japanese right-wing conservatives in many ways.[72] On the other hand, the DPK maintains a friendly stance on the United States. The Moon Jae In government deployed four additional THAAD launchers in 2017, and the progressive Justice Party criticized the Moon Jae-in administration as a "poodle of Trump".[73] Moon Jae-in openly said in September 2017 in front of Trump and Abe, "The United States is our ally, but Japan is not our ally".[74]

The DPK has a somewhat favorable attitude toward Israel. In 2018, the Moon Jae-in government abstained from the 2018 UN resolution ES-10/L.23 vote (neighboring countries China and Japan voted in favour). The Moon Jae-in government officially signed an FTA with Israel in 2021.[75]

Reunification of North and South Korea[edit]

The party strongly supports the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and aims for peaceful relations with North Korea. The party also officially advocates increasing exchanges and cooperation with the North to create a foundation for reunification.[76]

List of leaders[edit]

Current leadership[edit]

Supreme Committee of the Democratic Party of Korea[77]
Office Officer(s)
Leader of the Democratic Party Song Young-gil
Floor leader in the National Assembly Yun Ho-jung
Elected members Kim Yong-min, Kang Byung-won, Back Hye-ryun, Kim Young-bae, Jun Hye-sook

Leaders[edit]

  • Note: ERC - as head of Emergency Response Committee
No. Name Photo Term of office Election results
Took office Left office
1 Co-leadership
Kim Han-gil   Ahn Cheol-soo
(resigned) 		Kim Han-Gil (cropped).jpg Ahn Cheol-Soo cropped (cropped).jpg 26 March 2014 31 July 2014 no election
— Park Young-sun
(ERC) 		4 August 2014 18 September 2014 appointed
— Moon Hee-sang
(ERC) 		Moon Hee-sang in 2019.jpg 18 September 2014 9 February 2015 appointed
2 Moon Jae-in
(resigned) 		Moon Jae-in presidential portrait.jpg 9 February 2015 27 January 2016
Moon Jae-in – 45.3%
Park Jie-won – 41.8%
Lee In-young – 12.9%
— Kim Chong-in
(ERC) 		Kim Jongin's press conference in 2016 (cropped to Kim).jpg 27 January 2016 27 August 2016 appointed
3 Choo Mi-ae Choo Mi-ae ministerial portrait.png 27 August 2016 25 August 2018
Choo Mi-ae – 54.03%
Lee Jong-kul – 23.89%
Kim Sang-gon – 22.08%
4 Lee Hae-chan Lee Hae-chan prime ministerial portriat (cropped).jpg 25 August 2018 29 August 2020
Lee Hae-chan – 42.88%
Song Young-gil – 30.73%
Kim Jin-pyo – 26.39%
5 Lee Nak-yon South Korean Prime Minister Lee - 2017 (36235112603) (cropped).jpg 29 August 2020 9 March 2021
Lee Nak-yon – 60.77%
Kim Boo-kyum – 21.37%
Park Joo-min – 17.85%
— Kim Tae-nyeon
(acting) 		김태년.png 9 March 2021 8 April 2021 succeeded
— Do Jong-hwan
(ERC) 		도종환 국회 교육문화체육관광위원회 간사.jpg 8 April 2021 16 April 2021 appointed
— Yun Ho-jung
(ERC) 		16 April 2021 2 May 2021 succeeded
6 Song Young-gil 2020 Republic of Korea, Assemblyman, Song Young Gil.jpg 2 May 2021 incumbent
Song Young-gil – 35.60%
Hong Young-pyo – 35.01%
Woo Won-shik – 29.38%

Floor leaders[edit]

No. Name Term of office
Took office Left office
1 Jun Byung-hun [ko] 26 March 2014 7 May 2014
2 Park Young-sun 7 May 2014 2 October 2014
— Kim Yung-rok
(acting) 		2 October 2014 8 October 2014
3 Woo Yoon-keun [ko] 8 October 2014 6 May 2015
4 Lee Jong-kul 6 May 2015 4 May 2016
5 Woo Sang-ho 4 May 2016 16 May 2017
6 Woo Won-shik 16 May 2017 11 May 2018
7 Hong Young-pyo 11 May 2018 8 May 2019
8 Lee In-young 8 May 2019 7 May 2020
9 Kim Tae-nyeon 7 May 2020 8 April 2021
10 Yun Ho-jung 16 April 2021 incumbent

Secretary-General[edit]

No. Name Term of office
Took office Left office
1 Ahn Gyu-back 27 August 2016 16 May 2017
2 Lee Choon-suak [ko] 16 May 2017 3 September 2018
3 Yun Ho-jung 3 September 2018 31 August 2020
4 Park Kwang-on 31 August 2020 4 May 2021
5 Youn Kwan-suk 4 May 2021 incumbent

Election results[edit]

Presidential elections[edit]

Election Candidate Total votes Share of votes Outcome
2017 Moon Jae-in 13,423,800 41.1% elected Green tickY

General elections[edit]

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Status Election leader
2016
123 / 300
 6,069,744 25.5% Decrease 4 seats; Plurality Opposition Kim Chong-in
2020
180 / 300
 9,307,112 33.4% Increase 57 seats; Majority Governing Lee Hae-chan

Local elections[edit]

Election Metropolitan mayor/Governor Provincial legislature Municipal mayor Municipal legislature Election leader
2014
9 / 17
349 / 789
78 / 226
1,157 / 2,898
 Kim Han-gil
Ahn Cheol-soo
2018
14 / 17
652 / 824
151 / 226
1,638 / 2,927
 Choo Mi-ae

By-elections[edit]

Election Metropolitan mayor/Governor Municipal mayor Provincial legislecture Municipal legislature Election leader
2021
0 / 2
0 / 2
2 / 8
2 / 9
 Kim Tae-nyeon

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ 共同民主黨, 共に民主党 or other variants are translated names in Chinese and Japanese.
  2. ^ Korean: 더불어민주당; Hanja: 더불어民主黨; RR: Deobureominjudang; lit. Together Democratic Party, abbreviated 민주당,[19] 민주 or 더민주

References[edit]

  1. ^ National Election Commission. "2019년도 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고" (in Korean).
  2. ^ Steven Borowiec (24 February 2016). "South Korean lawmakers try first filibuster since 1969 to block anti-terrorism bill". Los Angeles Times. In recent years, the main liberal party, now the Minjoo Party, has changed its name, and had many high-profile members defect amid infighting and electoral defeats.
  3. ^ Jesús Velasco (4 July 2019). American Presidential Elections in a Comparative Perspective: The World Is Watching. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 154. ISBN 978-1498557580.
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  7. ^ JUNHYOUNG LEE; JORGE TAMAMES (25 March 2020). "Lecciones de Corea del Sur". politicaexterior.com (in Spanish). El Partido de la Libertad de Corea (conservador) ha criticado al actual gobierno (del socio-liberal Partido Demócrata) por promover iniciativas en este ámbito.
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  10. ^ "The loser in South Korea's last presidential race has another go". The Economist. 30 March 2017. The country now faces a snap presidential election on May 9th. After almost a decade of conservative rule, the ballot looks likely to be a victory for the more socially liberal Minjoo party: its support is the highest it has ever been, at 50%. Mr Moon, who led the party until January last year, has topped the polls for president for almost three months. The latest sounding puts his support at 35% in a crowded field.
  11. ^ "How religion spurs homophobia in South Korean politics". Nikkei Asia. 26 March 2021.
  12. ^ a b c "South Korea After Park". Jacobin magazine. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2021. ... At the same time, however, he belongs to the Catholic Church and holds some socially conservative views. When asked during a debate about the military’s persecution of gay soldiers, Moon responded that he opposed homosexuality in general.
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  14. ^ Shin, Hyonhee (14 September 2021). "'S.Korea's Bernie Sanders' tops presidential polls with talk of universal basic income". Reuters. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  15. ^ a b The Democratic Party of Korea is described as a centrist party by numerous sources:
  16. ^
  17. ^ Democratic Party of Korea. "더불어민주당 로고(Logo of the Democratic Party of Korea)" (in Korean).
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  46. ^
  47. ^ The Democratic Party of Korea is described as a liberal party by numerous sources:
  48. ^ Sanghun Lee (9 July 2020). "The substance of a Korean Green New Deal is still being defined". Eco Business. During South Korea’s parliamentary election in mid-April, which was the world’s first national election amid the pandemic, the ruling centrist Democratic Party of Korea (DPK), the centre-right Party for People’s Livelihoods (PPL), the centre-left Justice Party (JP) and the left Green Party Korea (GPK) all made pledges around a "Green New Deal"
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  50. ^ "The Squid Game presidential battle: South Korean frontrunner aims to address inequalities highlighted in hit Netflix drama". The Telegraph. 16 October 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2021. ... clinched the presidential nomination for the ruling centre-left Democratic party, hoping to succeed Moon Jae-in, the current president, ...
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External links[edit]

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