Countries by life expectancy at birth
Comparison of average female and male life expectancy as defined in the 2018 CIA Factbook, with selected bubbles labelled. The dotted line corresponds to equal female and male life expectancy. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their population.
[1] [2] (In
the SVG file , hover over a bubble to highlight it and show its data.)
The article documents lists of countries by average life expectancy at birth by various sources of estimates.
Methodology [ edit ]
The life expectancy is shown separately for males, and for females, as well as a combined figure. Several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list.
The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV infections.
Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 71 years (70 years for males and 72 years for females) over the period 2010–2015 according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2015 Revision,[3] or 69 years (67 years for males and 71.1 years for females) for 2016 according to The World Factbook .[4] According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) data, women on average live longer than men in all major regions and in all individual countries.
The countries with the lowest overall life expectancies per the WHO are Sierra Leone , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Guinea-Bissau , Lesotho , Somalia , Eswatini , Angola , Chad , Mali , Burundi , Cameroon , and Mozambique . Of those countries, only Lesotho, Eswatini, and Mozambique in 2011 were suffering from an HIV prevalence rate of greater than 12 percent in the 15–49 age group.[5]
Comparing life expectancies from birth across countries can be problematic. There are differing definitions of live birth vs stillbirth even among more developed countries and less developed countries often have poor reporting.[6]
Map of the life expectancy at birth in 2018 in the world (2019 report).
> 82.4
80.0 – 82.4
77.5 – 79.9
75.0 – 77.4
72.5 – 74.9
70.0 – 72.4
67.5 – 69.9
65.0 – 67.4
62.5 – 64.9
60.0 – 62.4
55.0 – 59.9
< 55.0
No data
List by the World Health Organization (2015) [ edit ]
Countries by average life expectancy according to the World Health Organization (2015)
World Health Organization. 2015 data[10] published in May 2016.[11]
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2
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4
5
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
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120
121
122
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124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
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142
143
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155
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183
List by the United Nations, for 2010–2015 [ edit ]
In July 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), released World Population Prospects, The 2015 Revision .[3] The following table shows the life expectancy at birth for the period 2010 to 2015.
Male life expectancy, 2009.
Female life expectancy, 2009.
UN World Population Prospects – The 2006 Revision: 2005–2010 Life Expectancy at birth (years).
Over 80
77.5–80.0
75.0–77.5
72.5–75.0
70.0–72.5
67.5–70.0
65.0–67.5
60–65
55–60
50–55
45–50
Under 45
not available
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
List from the GBD 2010 study [ edit ]
The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published updated figures in 2012,[13] including recalculations of life expectancies[14] which differ substantially in places from the UN estimates for 2010 (reasons for this are discussed in the freely available appendix to the paper, pages 25–27, currently not available). Although no estimate is given for the sexes combined, for the first time life expectancy estimates have included uncertainty intervals.
Life expectancy at birth (years), Global Burden of Disease 2010
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
Country
Male
95% range
Female
95% range
Afghanistan
58.20
(54.20–62.80)
57.30
(52.20–61.70)
Albania
72.00
(69.20–74.90)
78.10
(75.90–80.20)
Algeria
74.30
(73.20–75.40)
76.50
(75.50–77.50)
Andorra
79.80
(78.80–81.00)
85.20
(84.20–86.20)
Angola
57.90
(49.50–66.50)
63.90
(56.00–72.00)
Antigua and Barbuda
74.10
(72.20–75.90)
79.00
(77.30–80.50)
Argentina
72.50
(72.40–72.60)
79.30
(79.20–79.40)
Armenia
68.90
(67.20–70.50)
78.50
(77.40–79.60)
Australia
79.20
(79.10–79.30)
83.80
(83.70–83.90)
Austria
77.70
(77.50–77.90)
83.30
Azerbaijan
68.90
(67.60–70.20)
76.20
(74.90–77.40)
Bahrain
76.40
(74.80–78.20)
79.10
(77.50–80.70)
Bangladesh
67.20
(65.60–68.80)
71.00
(69.40–72.80)
Barbados
74.30
(72.70–76.00)
77.00
(75.60–78.30)
Belarus
64.10
(63.40–64.90)
76.00
(75.50–76.50)
Belgium
76.70
(76.40–77.10)
82.30
(81.90–82.60)
Belize
68.90
(67.30–70.30)
73.60
(72.30–75.00)
Benin
60.70
(57.60–63.50)
65.90
(63.20–68.50)
Bhutan
67.60
(60.90–73.30)
71.70
(65.70–77.10)
Bolivia
69.70
(67.30–72.50)
71.70
(69.50–74.10)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
74.10
(73.90–74.40)
78.80
(78.50–79.00)
Botswana
68.10
(63.60–73.60)
74.00
(69.20–80.60)
Brazil
71.50
(71.20–71.80)
79.70
(79.50–79.90)
Brunei
75.50
(74.30–76.60)
79.10
(78.00–80.30)
Bulgaria
70.10
(69.90–70.30)
77.00
(76.80–77.20)
Burkina Faso
52.80
(46.60–58.10)
57.60
(52.70–62.10)
Burma
60.70
(51.40–69.80)
67.60
(60.10–73.60)
Burundi
53.00
(42.70–63.00)
55.20
(45.20–64.60)
Cambodia
64.60
(63.30–66.00)
70.10
(68.80–71.50)
Cameroon
57.10
(53.50–60.90)
61.10
(57.80–64.30)
Canada
78.50
(78.20–78.70)
82.70
(82.50–83.00)
Cape Verde
70.90
(66.30–75.50)
79.10
(75.30–82.50)
Central African Republic
43.60
(38.40–49.30)
49.30
(44.00–54.60)
Chad
53.30
(47.20–58.20)
57.80
(53.00–62.30)
Chile
75.50
(75.20–75.90)
81.50
(81.20–81.80)
China
72.90
(71.80–74.00)
79.00
(78.00–80.00)
Colombia
71.70
(70.20–73.00)
78.30
(77.30–79.40)
Comoros
61.60
(56.50–65.80)
63.90
(59.10–68.20)
Congo
56.30
(52.30–60.30)
61.60
(57.90–65.10)
Costa Rica
77.10
(76.90–77.30)
81.90
(81.60–82.10)
Côte d'Ivoire
52.80
(48.20–57.10)
60.20
(56.20–63.90)
Croatia
73.40
(73.20–73.60)
79.90
(79.70–80.10)
Cuba
76.10
(75.90–76.20)
79.80
(79.60–79.90)
Cyprus
77.60
(77.10–78.10)
82.90
(82.40–83.40)
Czech Republic
74.30
(74.20–74.50)
80.70
(80.50–80.80)
Denmark
76.80
(76.60–77.00)
81.00
(80.80–81.30)
Djibouti
62.20
(54.60–69.60)
64.40
(55.10–73.70)
Dominica
70.10
(68.60–71.50)
77.90
(76.40–79.30)
Dominican Republic
71.30
(70.00–72.80)
76.30
(75.10–77.60)
DR Congo
52.80
(49.60–55.90)
57.70
(54.70–60.50)
Ecuador
74.40
(73.30–75.40)
79.80
(78.90–80.60)
Egypt
68.00
(67.00–69.00)
73.40
(72.50–74.20)
El Salvador
69.90
(69.30–70.50)
78.20
(77.70–78.60)
Equatorial Guinea
54.70
(43.50–66.20)
61.80
(52.90–73.80)
Eritrea
59.00
(54.70–62.90)
62.00
(58.20–65.50)
Estonia
70.60
(70.30–71.00)
80.60
(80.20–81.00)
Eswatini (Swaziland)
47.40
(43.50–51.30)
51.40
(48.00–55.10)
Ethiopia
59.50
(57.50–61.30)
62.30
(60.50–64.10)
Federated States of Micronesia
63.40
(54.60–71.70)
68.30
(60.80–74.70)
Fiji
65.60
(63.90–67.30)
68.80
(67.10–70.40)
Finland
76.80
(76.60–77.00)
83.30
(83.10–83.60)
France
77.50
(77.20–77.80)
84.30
(84.00–84.50)
Gabon
55.00
(50.00–60.00)
63.30
(59.50–67.40)
Georgia
67.40
(66.00–68.70)
77.90
(76.90–78.90)
Germany
77.50
(77.30–77.70)
82.80
(82.60–83.10)
Ghana
63.20
(60.70–65.70)
66.70
(64.50–68.90)
Greece
77.10
(76.80–77.40)
82.10
(81.90–82.40)
Grenada
68.60
(67.40–69.80)
73.50
(72.20–74.70)
Guatemala
66.90
(66.30–67.50)
74.00
(73.50–74.50)
Guinea-Bissau
54.80
(46.10–63.40)
58.60
(50.80–66.60)
Guinea
58.40
(53.70–62.30)
60.50
(56.30–64.00)
Guyana
63.10
(60.50–65.90)
69.10
(66.90–71.20)
Haiti
32.50
(19.80–43.10)
43.60
(31.10–51.70)
Honduras
70.50
(66.30–74.60)
73.20
(69.80–76.50)
Hungary
70.40
(70.30–70.60)
78.40
(78.20–78.50)
Iceland
80.00
(79.40–80.60)
84.40
(83.70–85.00)
India
63.20
(60.60–65.70)
67.50
(65.50–69.90)
Indonesia
67.70
(66.00–69.20)
71.80
(70.30–73.30)
Iran
71.60
(68.50–74.60)
77.80
(75.30–80.20)
Iraq
70.60
(67.20–73.70)
71.40
(68.30–74.40)
Ireland
77.60
(77.40–77.90)
82.20
(81.90–82.40)
Israel
79.20
(79.00–79.40)
82.90
(82.70–83.10)
Italy
78.90
(78.70–79.10)
83.90
(83.70–84.10)
Jamaica
73.30
(69.90–77.30)
77.30
(74.30–80.30)
Japan
79.30
(79.30–79.40)
85.90
(85.80–85.90)
Jordan
75.70
(73.90–77.50)
75.10
(73.20–77.00)
Kazakhstan
61.30
(59.10–63.30)
72.20
(70.60–73.70)
Kenya
62.70
(59.90–65.70)
66.90
(64.60–69.00)
Kiribati
57.80
(51.30–64.00)
65.00
(59.80–69.70)
Kuwait
76.10
(75.80–76.40)
79.60
(79.20–79.90)
Kyrgyzstan
62.20
(60.60–63.90)
71.90
(70.40–73.20)
Laos
62.40
(54.40–69.70)
67.10
(60.20–73.50)
Latvia
68.90
(68.60–69.20)
78.50
(78.20–78.70)
Lebanon
76.20
(74.10–77.90)
78.90
(77.50–80.40)
Lesotho
44.10
(40.90–48.10)
50.70
(47.20–54.80)
Liberia
56.50
(54.10–58.90)
57.90
(55.20–60.50)
Libya
72.90
(70.70–75.00)
76.50
(74.60–78.50)
Lithuania
68.70
(68.50–68.90)
79.30
(79.10–79.60)
Luxembourg
78.00
(77.50–78.60)
82.20
(81.70–82.80)
Madagascar
62.20
(58.90–65.60)
65.10
(61.80–68.10)
Malawi
50.90
(48.50–53.60)
54.90
(52.70–57.50)
Malaysia
71.30
(71.00–71.60)
76.50
(76.20–76.80)
Maldives
77.50
(76.70–78.30)
80.40
(79.70–81.20)
Mali
56.90
(52.90–60.70)
57.70
(53.80–61.20)
Malta
77.10
(76.60–77.60)
83.00
(82.40–83.60)
Marshall Islands
61.90
(57.50–66.00)
66.00
(61.90–70.00)
Mauritania
63.30
(59.10–67.20)
65.70
(61.80–68.80)
Mauritius
69.70
(69.30–70.00)
76.90
(76.50–77.30)
Mexico
72.50
(72.30–72.80)
78.40
(78.20–78.60)
Moldova
65.50
(65.00–65.80)
74.60
(74.20–74.90)
Mongolia
60.30
(58.60–62.20)
69.30
(67.80–70.80)
Montenegro
73.00
(72.20–73.60)
78.20
(77.50–78.90)
Morocco
70.90
(68.30–73.30)
74.40
(72.20–76.10)
Mozambique
50.00
(46.90–53.40)
54.90
(51.80–58.30)
Namibia
58.40
(55.20–61.60)
64.90
(61.90–67.60)
Nepal
67.70
(65.50–70.10)
70.60
(68.60–72.80)
Netherlands
78.50
(78.40–78.60)
82.60
(82.40–82.70)
New Zealand
78.60
(78.40–78.80)
82.70
(82.50–83.00)
Nicaragua
71.50
(70.60–72.20)
77.50
(76.70–78.20)
Niger
56.90
(51.70–61.50)
58.70
(54.10–62.60)
Nigeria
58.80
(56.50–61.40)
60.40
(58.20–62.90)
North Korea
68.00
(64.90–70.70)
73.30
(70.60–75.50)
North Macedonia
72.80
(72.50–73.00)
77.20
(77.00–77.50)
Norway
78.50
(78.30–78.70)
83.10
(82.90–83.40)
Oman
73.80
(72.20–75.40)
78.90
(77.50–80.10)
Pakistan
63.90
(60.70–67.10)
67.80
(64.80–70.90)
Palestine
70.30
(67.90–72.70)
76.40
(74.30–78.30)
Panama
73.60
(72.30–74.90)
80.20
(78.90–81.50)
Papua New Guinea
57.50
(48.10–66.50)
60.30
(51.90–69.00)
Paraguay
71.00
(69.70–72.40)
75.60
(74.70–76.40)
Peru
75.20
(73.80–76.70)
77.60
(76.10–79.00)
Philippines
66.60
(65.50–67.80)
73.80
(72.80–74.80)
Poland
72.10
(72.00–72.20)
80.50
(80.40–80.60)
Portugal
76.30
(76.20–76.50)
82.30
(82.20–82.50)
Qatar
78.90
(77.70–80.00)
82.10
(81.10–83.20)
Romania
70.10
(70.00–70.20)
77.60
(77.40–77.70)
Russia
63.10
(62.80–63.30)
74.70
(74.40–74.90)
Rwanda
62.00
(60.10–63.90)
67.10
(65.50–69.00)
Saint Lucia
70.90
(68.60–73.40)
76.50
(74.50–78.80)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
69.70
(68.50–71.00)
74.50
(73.10–75.80)
Samoa
68.40
(65.40–70.90)
73.40
(70.90–75.80)
São Tomé and Príncipe
68.20
(64.40–71.80)
72.10
(69.00–75.20)
Saudi Arabia
75.00
(73.60–76.40)
79.90
(78.80–81.00)
Senegal
63.50
(61.10–66.10)
67.10
(65.20–69.30)
Serbia
74.00
(73.70–74.20)
79.50
(79.20–79.80)
Seychelles
61.30
(60.20–62.40)
71.80
(70.70–72.90)
Sierra Leone
56.50
(53.60–59.30)
60.90
(58.30–63.10)
Singapore
78.80
(78.60–79.00)
83.30
(83.00–83.50)
Slovakia
71.60
(71.40–71.70)
79.10
(78.90–79.30)
Slovenia
75.90
(75.60–76.20)
82.50
(82.20–82.90)
Solomon Islands
60.50
(52.20–68.10)
64.00
(55.40–71.40)
Somalia
54.60
(45.40–62.60)
57.20
(47.70–65.60)
South Africa
57.40
(54.80–59.60)
62.30
(59.90–64.70)
South Korea
76.50
(76.30–76.70)
82.70
(82.60–82.90)
Spain
78.40
(78.20–78.70)
84.20
(84.00–84.40)
Sri Lanka
71.60
(70.30–72.80)
79.80
(78.70–80.70)
Sudan
66.90
(64.20–69.00)
70.70
(68.80–72.90)
Suriname
70.10
(68.20–72.20)
75.20
(73.70–76.80)
Sweden
79.20
(79.00–79.40)
83.50
(83.40–83.70)
Switzerland
79.70
(79.50–79.80)
84.50
(84.30–84.70)
Syria
75.10
(73.50–76.60)
80.20
(78.90–81.40)
Taiwan
75.90
(75.80–76.00)
81.90
(81.80–82.00)
Tajikistan
65.20
(62.70–67.50)
71.50
(69.40–73.60)
Tanzania
60.90
(58.10–63.70)
62.60
(60.20–65.20)
Thailand
70.90
(69.10–72.50)
77.50
(76.30–78.80)
The Bahamas
71.40
(68.50–74.50)
80.40
(76.90–85.50)
The Gambia
60.80
(53.40–69.00)
64.00
(55.90–72.40)
Timor-Leste
67.80
(66.30–69.20)
69.70
(68.10–71.20)
Togo
58.30
(54.70–61.80)
62.10
(58.40–65.60)
Tonga
67.30
(64.70–69.90)
73.80
(71.40–76.10)
Trinidad and Tobago
66.20
(65.00–67.40)
75.30
(74.10–76.40)
Tunisia
74.10
(70.70–77.60)
78.90
(75.70–81.90)
Turkey
71.20
(69.50–73.00)
77.70
(75.90–79.30)
Turkmenistan
65.40
(60.70–69.50)
73.40
(69.50–77.20)
Uganda
58.30
(55.30–61.40)
62.50
(59.80–65.10)
UK
77.80
(77.80–77.90)
81.90
(81.80–82.00)
Ukraine
64.50
(63.50–65.30)
74.90
(74.20–75.40)
United Arab Emirates
75.30
(73.00–77.60)
78.60
(76.50–80.70)
Uruguay
72.60
(72.10–73.10)
80.40
(79.90–80.90)
U.S.
75.90
(75.80–75.90)
80.50
(80.50–80.60)
Uzbekistan
65.60
(61.90–68.80)
72.30
(69.50–75.30)
Vanuatu
62.20
(54.10–69.50)
66.90
(59.80–72.50)
Venezuela
70.30
(68.90–71.50)
79.20
(78.40–80.00)
Vietnam
71.60
(69.30–74.00)
79.60
(78.00–81.10)
Yemen
65.50
(59.20–71.40)
66.30
(59.30–72.40)
Zambia
54.30
(51.10–57.70)
57.30
(54.20–60.30)
Zimbabwe
51.10
(46.60–55.60)
55.10
(51.30–59.30)
World
67.50
(66.90–68.10)
73.30
(72.80–73.80)
List by the CIA (2017) [ edit ]
2016 life expectancy estimates by the
CIA World Factbook > 80
> 77.5
> 75
> 72.5
> 70
> 67.5
> 65
> 60
> 55
> 50
The US CIA published the following life expectancy data in its World Factbook.[15]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
List by the OECD (2016) [ edit ]
Life expectancy at birth (years), OECD (2016)[16]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ "Life expectancy at birth" . Cia.gov. Retrieved 3 June 2017 .
^ "Central Intelligence Agency Factbook Population" . Cia.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2013 .
^ a b United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (29 July 2015). "United Nations World Population Prospects: 2015 revision" (PDF) . UN.
^ "The World Fact-book Life Expectancy" . Cia.gov. 2012.
^ "Countries" . www.unaids.org .
^ "WHO - Long-term trends in fetal mortality: implications for developing countries" . www.who.int .
^ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme . 10 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019 .
^ http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf
^ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme .
^ "World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally" . World Health Organization. 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016 .
^ "Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist" . WHO. 19 May 2016.
^ A = years lived healthily
B = years lived with disability
A + B = life expectancy
A + fB = healthy life expectancy, where f is a weighting to reflect disability level.[1]
^ Das, Pamela; Samarasekera, Udani (2012). "The story of GBD 2010: a "super-human" effort" . The Lancet . 380 (9859): 2067–2070. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62174-6 . PMID 23259158 .
^ Wang, Haidong; Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Lofgren, Katherine T; Rajaratnam, Julie Knoll; Marcus, Jacob R; Levin-Rector, Alison; Levitz, Carly E; Lopez, Alan D; Murray, Christopher JL (2012). "Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". The Lancet . 380 (9859): 2071–2094. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61719-X . PMID 23245603 .
^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency" . www.cia.gov .
^ "Health status - Life expectancy at birth - OECD Data" . theOECD .
^ "Data for Canada is for 2012, see" (PDF) .
External links [ edit ]
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