A Description of New England
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A Description of New England (in full:A description of New England, or, Observations and discoveries in the north of America in the year of Our Lord 1614, with the success of six ships that went the next year, 1615) is a work written by John Smith and published in 1616 as a propaganda piece advertising the fertile land, abundant resources and general plenitude that was to be found in the New World.
Unlike the reasons that the Pilgrims and the Puritans had for migrating to the New World, The Virginia Company, and other sponsored companies that traveled over, mainly came to the New World in order to make a life for themselves and start over in an economically fresh region. Smith's work described the situations and circumstances that were to be found in the New World, but it mainly promoted Smith in his abilities of being a travel guide and helpful resource in navigating the New World if the English wanted to migrate there. In the work, he printed many maps of the surrounding areas, and because he did so, the immigrants used those maps and found no need for Smith's help; Smith did not receive as much money from being a travel guide as he had originally planned on and hoped for. His work, however, did enable the new settlers to come over with some background knowledge about the general area and people inhabiting it.
The work goes into great detail about the wildlife, plants, "majestic land forms like the mountains," and other natural features, such as streams and the sea, both of which offered a seemingly endless amount of food. Smith appealed to the idea of the wilderness as a refuge, even if the riches were hard earned, which was something that the religious refugees needed to hear at the time of their leaving their native countries.
The New World was a dangerous place when the settlers first arrived, with harsh weather, many Indian tribes, and wild animals, but the amount of resources that were available, or as available as Smith said that they were, was itself almost worth the trip. Smith describes the purest waters, "proceeding from the entrails of rocky mountains." He describes the amount of food that was available for the taking: "in the harbors we frequented, a little boy might take of....such delicate fish, at the ship's stern, more than six or ten can eat in a day; but with a casting net [we took] thousands when we pleased..."
It was a place where the settlers believed they were free to start their lives over and turn their lives completely over to God and his will for them. Even if Smith didn't believe in God necessarily, he was careful to include the ideas of god and religion in the work, as it was something that the majority of the population valued in their lives. Smith further encouraged the settlers by telling them that there can be no better reward than "planting and building a foundation for his posterity, got from the rude earth by God's blessing in his own industry, without prejudice to any?" This is similar to the idea of Manifest Destiny that prompted the migration west in the 19th century.
Smith also goaded the English that "it (living in Virginia) is not a work for everyone...it requires all the best parts of art, judgement, courage, honesty, constancy, diligence, and industry to do but near well." This is a clever tactic that Smith uses to coax the English over to the New World. If he said that people couldn't do it, and that it wasn't easy, the settlers were more likely to want to challenge Smith's idea and come over to the New World and prove that they could survive; it was a matter of pride and proving Smith wrong, and it worked.
Even if hundreds of people died during their first few months or years here because they did not know how to work, or they didn't want to work, Smith's efforts to publish propaganda about the New World built a firm foundation for us who live in the United States today, allowing us to build stable communities, and later to expand Westward where a large portion of our population resides currently. The majority of our ancestors came from somewhere else originally, and many of us have ancestry stemming back from people living in Jamestown or surrounding areas, the Pilgrims or the Puritans, and getting people to travel here was due in part to Smith's bragging about his escapades in the New World and the magnificent place is was, if you could get past the incredible danger that was there.
References[edit]
- Royster, Paul. "A Description of New England (1616): An Online Electronic Text Edition". Digital Commons @ University of Nebraska - Lincoln. University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- Woodward, Walter (March 2008). "Captain John Smith and the Campaign for New England: A Study in Early Modern Identity and Promotion". The New England Quarterly 81 (1): 91–125.
- McMichael, George; Leonard, James (2011). Anthology of American literature (10th ed.). Boston: Longman. pp. 55–63. ISBN 9780205779390.
