Métis National Council

Métis National Council

Abbreviation	MNC
Formation	1983
Type	Representative of the Northwest Métis people within Canada.
Legal status	active
Purpose	advocate and public voice, educator and network
Headquarters	Canada
Region served	Canada
Official language	English, French
President	Cassidy Caron
Website	www2.metisnation.ca

The Métis National Council (French: Ralliement national des Métis) is the representative body of the Métis people of northwestern Canada. The MNC represents the Métis Nation both nationally and internationally, receiving direction from the elected leadership of the Métis Nation's provincial-level governments. The goal of the MNC is to "secure a healthy space for the Métis Nation's on-going existence within the Canadian federation".

History

The National Council was formed in 1983 to support the recognition of the Métis as a distinct ethnicity who identify separately from other aboriginal groups, share Métis Nation ancestry (e.g. the Northwest and Red River, Manitoba settlements) and form recognized communities. This Council was formed to advocate at the federal level in Canada, which became particularly important with Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. It is a recognized voice of the Métis people in five Canadian provinces to the Government of Canada, and represents these Métis people on the international stage. The National Council is governed by a Board of Governors made up of the presidents of the provincial Métis organizations and the national president. A former national president of the Council is Yvon Dumont, who went on to become the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. The current president of the Métis National Council is Cassidy Caron

Indigenous Affairs Canada, the relevant federal ministry, deals with the MNC; on April 13, 2017 the two parties signed the Canada-Metis Nation Accord, with the goal of working with the Metis Nation, as represented by the Metis National Council on a Nation to Nation basis.

Metis re-organization of 2020s

Six Métis communities in Northern Alberta broke away from the Metis Nation of Alberta (MNA) in early 2020, just as the same that the MNA was in a dispute with the Metis National Council (MNC). The confluence of the two conflicts created a major restructuring of Metis organizations in Western Canada.

At issue are such fundamentals as who is Metis and which organizations should have the democratic mandate to speak for the Metis to the federal and provincial governments.

Disputes between provincial Metis organizations

Definitions of who is Metis

One source of tension in the dispute between provincial organizations is a disagreement over who is considered Métis.

The Manitoba Metis Federation (MMF)’s official position adopted in 2019, is that membership in Metis organizations must only be open to people with ancestors within the Metis "homeland"': consisting of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as well as smaller parts of north-western Ontario, north-eastern British Columbia, the southern Northwest Territories, and northern halves of the U.S. States of Montana, and North Dakota, and a small part of Minnesota.

The Metis Nation of Ontario (MNO) was put on probation by the Metis National Council (MNC) for granting memberships to people from four disputed communities: Mattawa, Georgian Bay, Killarney, and Temiskaming.

The Metis Nation of Ontario claims that the listed communities are indeed part of the historic Metis nation, and not simply mixed First Nations-settler communities without cultural ties to the other Metis, as the MMF insists.

Agreements between the federal government and provincial organizations

The Metis Nation of Alberta, Metis Nation – Saskatchewan, and Metis Nation of Ontario signed self-government agreements with the government of Canada in 2017 or 2018, whereas the Manitoba Metis Federation and Métis Nation British Columbia did not. The three provincial organizations formed a "tri-council" and asked that the federal government deal directly with them and not with the MNC and met with Indigenous Relations Minister Carolyn Bennet in January of 2020.

Interim president and lack of board meetings

In November of 2019 MNC’s president, Clément Chartier, announced he would reduce his duties and allow MMF president David Chartrand to become the "national spokesperson" for MNC until a new president could be elected in April. However, Chartrand was never officially made interim president, and no board meeting was convened to sanction the change. Ultimately, the general assembly scheduled for April was cancelled due to COVID-19, so the situation was not resolved.

Fort McKay Metis and the creation of the Alberta Métis Federation

Main article: Alberta Métis Federation

In 2019 the Fort McKay Metis Community Association (whose membership was largely the same as the region's Metis Nation of Alberta "local") voted to succeed from the Metis Nation of Alberta. This prompted other community associations in Alberta to likewise suceeed. The seperatist bodies then united in 2021 under a loose umbrella group called the Alberta Metis Federation. This group was recognized by the Manitoba Metis Federation despite protests from the Metis Nation of Alberta.

Current structure

The MNC is composed of five provincial Métis organizations. They are:

• Métis Nation British Columbia
• Métis Nation of Alberta
• Métis Nation - Saskatchewan
• Manitoba Metis Federation
• Métis Nation of Ontario

Within each provincial organization are regional councils.

Presidents

• Yvon Dumont (1988–1993)
• Gerald Morin (1993–2003)
• Audrey Poitras (January 12, 2003 interim President and National spokesperson),
• Clément Chartier (2003–2021)
• Cassidy Caron (2021-)

References

• Barkwell, Lawrence J. The History of the Manitoba Metis Federation. Winnipeg: Louis Riel Institute, 2018. ISBN 978-1-927531-19-8
• Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion, and Audreen Hourie. Metis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways. Métis legacy series, v. 2. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006. ISBN 0-920915-80-9
• Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Prefontaine. "Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography". Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. ISBN 1-894717-03-1
• Ens, Gerhard J. and Joe Sawchuk. From New Peoples to New Nations: Aspects of Metis History and Identity from the Eighteenth to Twenty-First Centuries. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1-4426-2711-6

External links

• Official website