Slava Ukraini

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For the song by Marcus Paus, see Slava Ukraini! (song).

A protester in New York City on 27 February 2022, holding a sign that reads "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" The phrase gained worldwide prominence as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The Monument of Independence in Kharkiv includes the phrase.

"Glory to Ukraine!" (Ukrainian: Слава Україні!, romanized: Slava Ukraini!, IPA: [ˈslɑʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjin⁽ʲ⁾i] (audio speaker iconlisten)) is a Ukrainian national salute, known as a symbol of Ukrainian sovereignty and resistance and as the official salute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 2018. It is often accompanied by the response "Glory to the heroes!" (Ukrainian: Героям слава!, romanized: Heroiam slava!).

The phrase first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in different variations, when it became very popular among Ukrainians during the Ukrainian War of Independence from 1917 to 1921.[1] From the 1930s it was used by different Ukrainian nationalist groups, most notably Stepan Bandera's Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army, and it was later also used by Ukrainian diaspora groups and refugee communities in The West during the Cold War. In the Soviet Union the phrase was forbidden, and Soviet and later Russian authorities attempted to discredit it.[citation needed] The phrase resurfaced in Ukraine during the country's struggle for independence in connection with the fall of the Soviet Union, and was used by Bill Clinton in 1995.[2] It saw renewed use during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the Russo-Ukrainian War from 2014, when it became a popular symbol of democracy and Ukrainian independence. According to the Ukrainian Association of Football "Glory to Ukraine" is a commonly used greeting in Ukraine.[3] In 2018 "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" became the official salute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, by a decree of President Petro Poroshenko.[4]

It has gained worldwide prominence as a symbol of resistance during the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and was set to music by the Norwegian Armed Forces' official composer Marcus Paus, who was loosely inspired by Ukraine's national anthem.[5] It has also been used in protests in support of Ukraine around the world.[6] It has been used in speeches by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy as well as many foreign leaders such as Ursula von der Leyen,[7] Boris Johnson,[8] Nancy Pelosi,[9] Mark Rutte,[10] Andrej Plenković[11] and Jacinda Ardern.[12]

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

Poet Taras Shevchenko

A similar phrase "glory of Ukraine" has been used at least since the time of prominent patriotic Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko. In his poem "To Osnovyanenko" («До Основ'яненка»; 1840, in the version of 1860) Shevchenko wrote:[13]

Our thought, our song
Will not die, will not perish…
Oh there, people, is our glory,
Glory of Ukraine!

The first known mention of the slogan "Glory to Ukraine!" with the answer "Glory all around the earth!" (По всій землі слава) is associated with the environment of the Kharkiv Ukrainian student community of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.[1]

20th century[edit]

10 December 1941 issue of Nazi occupation administration-published local newspaper Nove Zhittya with the slogan Glory to Ukraine

The phrase "Slava Ukraini!" (Glory to Ukraine!) first appeared in different military formations during the Ukrainian War of Independence (from 1917 to 1921).[14][failed verification] It became part of the lexicon of Ukrainian nationalists in the 1920s.[14][failed verification][nb 1]

UPA propaganda poster. OUN-UPA's formal greeting is written in Ukrainian on two of the horizontal lines: "Glory to Ukraine—Glory to (her) Heroes".

The modern response "Heroiam slava!" (Glory to the heroes!) appeared in the 1930s among members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) who started using this slogan[14] to commemorate veterans of the 1918 to 1921 Ukrainian-Soviet War, including leader of the OUN Yevhen Konovalets. The greeting "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" became an official slogan of Stepan Bandera's Nazi allied[15] OUN-B in April 1941.[16][14] During World War II, Ukrainian nationalists often used it in addition to a roman salute. "Glory to the heroes!" was also used by the Kuban Cossacks during the same period.[17]

World War II-era monument in memory of UPA partisans with the inscription "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!", in place of the Janowa Dolina massacre, Bazaltove, Ukraine

In the late 1980s and early 1990s the slogan began to be heard at rallies and demonstrations.[14] After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" became a common patriotic slogan. In 1995, President of the United States Bill Clinton used the phrase in his speech in Kyiv (together with "God bless America").[2]

21st century[edit]

A debit card from Ukraine's PrivatBank with the phrase and "Glory to the heroes" response

The phrase has undergone a resurgence in recent times, becoming a popular and prominent refrain during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and a symbol of democracy and of resistance against Putin's Russia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[18]

On 10 July 2018, Ukrainian supporters flooded the Facebook page of football governing body FIFA with over 158,000 comments, most saying "Glory to Ukraine", after FIFA fined Croatia's assistant coach for a video in which he used the same slogan after Croatia's World Cup victory. Russia alleged that the chant has ultra-nationalist connotations.[19] The Football Federation of Ukraine said in a statement that "'Glory to Ukraine' is a commonly used greeting in Ukraine ... (and) should not be interpreted as an act of aggression or provocation".[3]

On 9 August 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko announced that "Glory to Ukraine" would be the official greeting of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, replacing "Hello comrades" (Ukrainian: Вітаю товариші, romanized: Vitayu tovaryshi).[4] The greeting was used during the Kyiv Independence Day Parade on 24 August 2018.[20] The Ukrainian parliament approved the President's bill on this (in its first reading) on 6 September and on 4 October 2018.[21] Parliament also made Glory to Ukraine the official greeting of the National Police of Ukraine.[22]

On 7 September 2018, the Ukrainian national football team wore the phrase on their kits, during a UEFA Nations League match with the Czech Republic.[23] The phrase was deemed "too political and militaristic" by UEFA who ordered the Ukrainian Association of Football to remove it.[24]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[edit]

"Slava Ukraini" sign at an anti-war protest in Washington, DC, 27 February 2022
The slogan in Ukrainian and Irish on a solidarity mural in Dublin, Ireland.

This phrase became very popular among Ukrainian soldiers and their supporters to boost morale during the Russo-Ukrainian War following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[25][26] During the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the slogan is seeing worldwide use by protesters in solidarity with Ukraine all over the world, accompanying various demands towards the Russian embassies and the relevant national governments such as excluding Russia from SWIFT and closing airspace over Ukraine.[27]

It has been used in speeches by numerous Ukrainian politicians including President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[28] It has also been used by foreign leaders including European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen,[7] British Prime Minister Boris Johnson,[8] New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern,[12] Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte,[10] Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković,[11] U.S. Speaker Nancy Pelosi[9] and the UK's Permanent Representative Barbara Woodward in a speech to the UN.[29] It has been used by commentators and media such as The Times.[30]

The Norwegian Armed Forces' official composer Marcus Paus composed the song "Slava Ukraini!," loosely inspired by Ukraine's national anthem. Paus released the work on Facebook[31] on 27 February 2022 and described it as a song of resistance; it was recorded two days later by Lithuanian-Norwegian viola player Povilas Syrrist-Gelgota of the Oslo Philharmonic, and was broadcast shortly afterwards by the Norwegian government broadcaster, NRK.[5][32][33][34][35] Paus said that "the work seems to strike a chord with many people, including those who are in the middle of the battle zone. There is no nobler task for music than to unite and comfort people."[5]

Controversies[edit]

In the Soviet Union, the slogan "Slava Ukraini!" was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.[18][14] They were dubbed "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists", "Banderites", and "Nazi henchmen" by Soviet authorities.[18] Modern Russia followed the similar trend when the slogan was characterized as a fascist slogan, notably during the Russo-Ukrainian War.[25]

Beyond Europe, the song "Glory to Hong Kong" drew inspiration from the slogan for use in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[36] This was received extremely negatively in mainland China, with the Chinese accusing Ukraine of meddling in Hong Kong affairs under the order of the United States, and was not censored by the Great Firewall of the Chinese government.[37][38]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ In his monumental book Kholodny Yar, Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents, who fought in the Kholodny Yar Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923). They routinely greeted each other with the phrase "Slava Ukraini!", and the response had to be "Ukraini Slava!" (which also means "Glory to Ukraine" but with words swapped around).[14]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Yuriy Yuzych. ""Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?". Istorychna Pravda. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b Jehl, Douglas (13 May 1995). "Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Angry Ukraine Fans Deluge FIFA's Facebook Page With Posts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  4. ^ a b Poroshenko, Petro. "President: The words "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state". PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE Official website. Government of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "Marcus Paus om sitt nye verk: – Jeg skrev 'Slava Ukraini!' fordi jeg ikke kunne la være" [Marcus Paus on his new work: I wrote 'Slava Ukraini!' because I had to]. Kulturplot. Norwegian News Agency. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  6. ^ "'Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion". France 24. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the Russian aggression against Ukraine". European Commission. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  8. ^ a b "PM statement to the House of Commons on Ukraine: 24 February 2022". Gov.uk. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022. And in that spirit I join you in saying slava Ukraini.
  9. ^ a b "'Slava Ukraini': Zelenskyy becomes Congress' great unifier". AP News. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Rutte spreekt Oekraïners toe in videoboodschap: 'Slava Ukraini!'" (in Dutch). RTL Nieuws. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Danas smo svi Ukrajinci! Slava Ukrajini! O sudbini Kijeva ovisi budućnost Europe!". Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Russia invasion of Ukraine: 'Slava Ukraini' - NZ Parliament condemns 'bully' Putin". NZ Herald. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  13. ^ "До Основ'яненка. Тарас Шевченко. Повне зібрання творів. Том. 1". Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine? Archived 20 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Atlantic Council (13 July 2018)
    (in Ukrainian) "Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence Archived 24 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe (19 June 2017)
  15. ^ Ivan Katchanovski, Ph.D. (2010), Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine. PDF file, direct download.
  16. ^ Ivan Katchanovski (2004). "The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine Archived 25 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. p. 214.
  17. ^ Родом з України [Born in Ukraine]. The Ukrainian Week (in Ukrainian). 29 June 2011. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  18. ^ a b c "New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past". Deutsche Welle. 24 August 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  19. ^ "World Cup 2018 Gets Political: The Nazi and anti-Russian Roots of 'Glory to Ukraine'". Ha'aretz. 15 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Ukraine's Independence Day military parade in Kyiv". The Ukrainian Week. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  21. ^ Verkhovna Rada approves military salute ‘Glory to Ukraine!’ Archived 24 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 112 Ukraine (6 September 2018)
    Ukraine's parliament approves new army, police greeting Archived 9 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (4 October 2018)
  22. ^ Rada approves salute 'Glory to Ukraine' in Ukrainian army Archived 20 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (4 October 2018)
  23. ^ "'Glory to Ukraine' slogan appears at official kits of national football team". 112.international. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  24. ^ "Ukraine's newly unveiled Euros kit sparks fury in Moscow". the42.ie. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  25. ^ a b Schreck, Carl (7 September 2018). "'Glory To Ukraine!' Is The New National Team's Soccer Slogan A Rallying Cry Or A Fascist Call?". rferl.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  26. ^ Stevis-Gridneff, Matina (11 March 2022). "Europe's Trains Take Fighters to Ukraine, and Bring Back Refugees". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 March 2022. 'Slava Ukraini,' he whispered, repeating the rallying cry 'Glory to Ukraine' that's galvanized the country.
  27. ^ Articles, The Times Leading. "The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini!". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  28. ^ "'We won't put down weapons': Zelenskyy vows to fight on in Kyiv". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  29. ^ "If we do not stand up now, then every nation is at risk: UK statement to the General Assembly on Ukraine". Gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022. So our message today is simple: We offer our unequivocal support for Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. We call on President Putin to stop this senseless war. And we urge all fellow Members of the United Nations to speak up for Ukraine and to defend the Charter. Slava Ukraini!
  30. ^ "The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini!". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  31. ^ Paus, Marcus. "Slava Ukraini!". Facebook. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  32. ^ "Klassisk vorspiel: Marcus Paus – Slava Ukraini". NRK. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  33. ^ "Marcus Paus: Slava Ukraini!". Norsk Musikforlag. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  34. ^ Syrrist-Gelgota, Povilas. "Marcus Paus "Slava Ukraini" for viola solo". YouTube. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  35. ^ Paus, Marcus. "Slava Ukraini!". Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  36. ^ "Hong Kong Protesters Draw Inspiration from Ukraine's Maidan | Wilson Center". Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  37. ^ "中国香港绝对不能成为下一个乌克兰！". Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  38. ^ "乌克兰"新纳粹"老兵现身香港，还到了港理大". Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.

External links[edit]

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