Occupied territories of Ukraine

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  Areas and Location dot red.svg cities occupied by Russia and pro-Russian separatists
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The "temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine" (Ukrainian: Тимчасово окупована територія України, romanized: Tymchasovo okupovana terytoriia Ukrainy) were defined as such in Ukrainian law following the Russian military occupation that resulted in the loss of Ukrainian control over the Crimean peninsula and parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. The situation regarding the Crimean peninsula is more complex since Russia annexed the territory in March 2014 and administers it as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine continues to claim Crimea as an integral part of its territory, supported by most foreign governments and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262,[1] although Russia and some other UN member states recognize Crimea as part of the Russian Federation, or have expressed support for the 2014 Crimean referendum. In 2015, the Verkhovna Rada officially set 20 February 2014 as the date of "the beginning of the temporary occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia".[2]

The uncontrolled portions of the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts are abbreviated from Ukrainian as "ORDLO" predominantly in the Ukrainian media[3] ("certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts", Ukrainian: Окремі райони Донецької та Луганської областей, romanized: Okremi raiony Donetskoi ta Luhanskoi oblastei). The term first appeared in Law of Ukraine №1680-VII (October 2014).[4] Documents of the Minsk Protocol and the OSCE refer to them as "certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions" (CADLR) of Ukraine.[5]

The Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories is the Ukrainian government ministry that oversees government policy towards the regions.[6] As of 2019, the government considers 7% of Ukraine's territory to be under occupation.[7] The United Nations General Assembly resolution A/73/L.47, adopted on 17 December 2018, designated Crimea as under "temporary occupation".[8]

Approximate location of Pryazovia

The Ukrainian army has noted, and is concerned about, the deployment of the 3M-54 Kalibr cruise missiles on Russian naval and coast guard vessels operating in the Sea of Azov, which is adjacent to the temporarily occupied territories. As a result, two main Pryazovian seaports, Mariupol and Berdyansk suffer from an increase in insecurity.[9]

Two sea ports on the Sea of Azov, Temryuk and Taganrog, have allegedly been used to disguise the provenance of anthracite coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the temporarily occupied territories.[9]

Location of the North Crimean Canal

The North Crimean Canal, which used to supply water from mainland Ukraine to Crimea, was shut off due to the conflict. Ukrainian politician Pavlo Zhebrivsky asserts that Russia's strategy is designed to pressure Ukraine into re-opening the water pipeline.[9]

Background[edit]

Main articles: Russo-Ukrainian War, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, and War in Donbass

In response to Russian military intervention, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted government laws (with further updates and extensions) to qualify the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions as temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories:

  1. Autonomous Republic of Crimea:
    • Law of Ukraine No. 1207-VII (15 April 2014) "Assurance of Citizens' Rights and Freedom, and Legal Regulations on Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine".[10]
  2. Separate raions of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts:
    • Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1085-р (7 November 2014) "A List of Settlements on Territory Temporarily Uncontrolled by Government Authorities, and a List of Landmarks Located at the Contact Line".[11]
    • Law of Ukraine No. 254-19-VIII (17 March 2015) "On Recognition of Separate Raions, Cities, Towns and Villages in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions as Temporarily Occupied Territories".[12]

International reactions[edit]

See also: International reactions to the Euromaidan, International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, and International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

On 20 April 2016 Ukraine officially established government Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and Internally Displaced Persons.[13] It was subsequently renamed the Temporarily Occupied Territories, IDPs and veterans and then the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. The current minister is Iryna Vereshchuk, appointed on 4 November 2021.[14]

In March 2014, in a vote at the United Nations, 100 member states out of 193 (except Armenia, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, North Korea, Nicaragua, Russia, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe)[15] did not recognize the annexation of the Crimea by Russia.[16] (See United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262.)

A further resolution was passed by the United Nations in December 2016 regarding "human rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol", which recognised these as part of Ukraine.[17]

Another resolution was passed by the United Nations in December 2017, also regarding "human rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol", which recognised these as part of Ukraine.[18]

In April 2018 PACE's emergency assembly recognized occupied regions of Ukraine as "territories under effective control by the Russian Federation".[19][20] Chairman of the Ukrainian delegation to PACE, MP Volodymyr Aryev mentioned that recognition of the fact that part of the occupied Donbas is under Russia's control is so important for Ukraine. "The responsibility for all the crimes committed in the uncontrolled territories is removed from Ukraine. Russia becomes responsible", Aryev wrote on Facebook.[21]

United Nations General Assembly resolution A/73/L.47, adopted on 17 December 2018, states:

Condemning the ongoing temporary occupation of part of the territory of Ukraine, namely, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (hereinafter referred to as "Crimea"), by the Russian Federation, and reaffirming the non-recognition of its annexation[8]

List of places affected[edit]

Since the start of Russian military intervention, the Government of Ukraine is issuing (as extension to government order no. 1085-р and law no. 254-VIII) up-to-date "List of Temporarily Occupied Regions and Settlements"[citation needed] and a "List of Landmarks Bordering the Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone"[citation needed]. As of 7 February 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has made four updates to order no. 1085-р and law no. 254-VIII:

  • Addendum No. 128-р as of 18 February 2015[22]
  • Addendum No. 428-р as of 5 May 2015[23]
  • Addendum No. 1276-р as of 2 December 2015[24]
  • Addendum No. 79-р as of 7 February 2018[25]

Some settlements' names are the result of 2016 Decommunization in Ukraine.[26][27]

The list below is based on the extension as of 7 February 2018. The borders of some districts have changed since 2015.

The list below is based on extension as of 2 December 2015.

  • Autonomous Republic of Crimea (entire region)
  • Sevastopol
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Cities of regional importance and nearby settlements:
      • Donetsk
      • Horlivka
      • Debaltseve
      • Dokuchaievsk
      • Yenakiieve
      • Zhdanivka
      • Khrestivka (before 2016: Kirovske)
      • Makiivka
      • Snizhne
      • Torez
      • Khartsyzk
      • Shakhtarsk
      • Yasynuvata
      • Amvrosiivka Raion (all settlements)
      • Bakhmut (before 2016 – Artemivsk) district:
        • Bulavynske
        • Vuhlehirsk
        • Oleksandrivske
        • Olenivka
        • Vesela Dolyna
        • Danylove
        • Illinka
        • Kamianka
        • Ridkodub
        • Bulavyne
        • Hrozne
        • Kaiutyne
        • Vozdvyzhenka (before 2016: Krasnyi Pakhar)
        • Stupakove (before 2016: Krasnyi Pakhar)
        • Savelivka
        • Debaltsivske (before 2016: Komuna)
        • Kalynivka
        • Lohvynove
        • Novohryhorivka
        • Nyzhnie Lozove
        • Sanzharivka
        • Olkhovatka
        • Pryberezhne
      • Volnovakha Raion:
        • Andriivka
        • Dolia
        • Liubivka
        • Malynove
        • Molodizhne
        • Novomykolaivka
        • Olenivka
        • Petrivske
        • Chervone
      • Marinka Raion:
        • Kreminets
        • Luhanske
        • Oleksandrivka
        • Staromykhailivka
        • Syhnalne
      • Novoazovsk Raion:
        • Khreshchatytske (before 2016: Krasnoarmiiske)
        • Novoazovsk
        • Huselshchykove
        • Kozlivka
        • Samsonove
        • Siedove (known as Kryva Kosa)
        • Obryv
        • Bezimenne
        • Vedenske
        • Kachkarske
        • Mytkovo-Kachkari
        • Roza
        • Kozatske
        • Porokhnia
        • Shevchenko
        • Kulykove
        • Verkhnoshyrokivske (before 2016: Oktiabr)
        • Prymorske
        • Naberezhne
        • Pervomaiske
        • Sosnivske
        • Ukrainske
        • Hrechani Pody (before 2016: Rozy Liuksemburh)
        • Vesele
        • Kuznetsi
        • Markyne
        • Patriotychne
        • Kholodne
        • Samiilove
        • Vaniushkyne
        • Klynkyne
        • Kovske
        • Shcherbak
        • Sakhanka
        • Azov (before 2016: Dzerzhynske)
        • Uzhivka (before 2016: Leninske)
        • Khomutove
        • Bessarabka
        • Vitava
        • Siedovo-Vasylivka
      • Starobesheve district (all settlements)
      • Boikivskii (before 2016 – Telmanove) district:
        • Bohdanivka
        • Vershynivka
        • Volia
        • Hrekovo-Oleksandrivka
        • Hryhorivka
        • Dersove
        • Zaporozhets
        • Zelenyi Hai
        • Zernove
        • Zori
        • Ivanivka
        • Bilokrynýchne (before 2016: Kalinine)
        • Kaplany
        • Konkove
        • Kotliarevske
        • Maiórove (before 2016: Krasnyi Oktiabr)
        • Kuznetsovo-Mykhailivka
        • Lukove
        • Mykolaivka
        • Mykhailivka
        • Michurine
        • Nova Marivka
        • Novooleksandrivka
        • Oleksándrivske (before 2016: Oktiabrske)
        • Chyrylianske (before 2016: Oktiabrske)
        • Pervomaiske
        • Petrivske
        • Lavrýnove (before 2016: Radianske)
        • Rozivka
        • Sadky
        • Samsonove
        • Svobodne
        • Tavrycheske
        • Boikivske (before 2016: Telmanove)
        • Ternivka
        • Cherevkivske
        • Chumak
        • Shevchenko
      • Shakhtarsk district (all settlements)
      • Yasynuvata district:
        • Vesele
        • Bétmanove (before 2016: Krasnyi Partyzan)
        • Mineralne
        • Spartak
        • Yakovlivka
        • Kruta Balka
        • Kashtanove
        • Lozove
  • Luhansk Oblast

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Kremlin: Crimea and Sevastopol are now part of Russia, not Ukraine". CNN. 18 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  2. ^ (in Ukrainian) "Nasha" Poklonsky promises to the "Berkut" fighters to punish the participants of the Maidan Archived 2019-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Segodnya (20 March 2016)
  3. ^ "Poroshenko signs law extending ORDLO special status". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 7 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  4. ^ Про особливий порядок місцевого самоврядування в окремих районах Донецької та Луганської областей [On the special order of local self-governance in separate raions of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts] (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Legislation of Ukraine. 10 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  5. ^ "Press Statement of Special Representative Grau after the regular Meeting of Trilateral Contact Group on 22 July 2020". www.osce.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  6. ^ (in Ukrainian) The Cabinet decided to create the Ministry of temporarily occupied territories and internally displaced persons Archived 2019-03-28 at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 April 2016)
  7. ^ "Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region". United Nations. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  8. ^ a b "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Its Armed Forces from Crimea, Expressing Grave Concern about Rising Military Presence". United Nations. 17 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  9. ^ a b c Hurska, Alla (12 February 2019). "Russia's Hybrid Strategy in the Sea of Azov: Divide and Antagonize (Part Two)". Vol. 16, no. 18. The Jamestown Foundation. Eurasia Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Про забезпечення прав і свобод громадян та правовий режим на тимчасово окупованій території України". Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
  11. ^ "Про затвердження переліку населених пунктів, на території ... – від 07.11.2014 № 1085-р". zakon4.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Про визнання окремих районів, міст, селищ і сіл Донецької та Луганської областей тимчасово окупованими територіями". Archived from the original on 2019-05-12. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
  13. ^ У Гройсмана створили нове міністерство [The Cabinet decided to create the Ministry of temporarily occupied territories and internally displaced persons], Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian), 20 April 2016, archived from the original on 28 March 2019, retrieved 26 January 2017
  14. ^ "Vereshchuk appointed Ukraine's deputy prime minister". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 2021-11-30. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  15. ^ General Assembly Sixty-eighth session, 80th plenary meeting Thursday, 27 March 2014, 10 a.m., United Nations, 27 March 2014, p. 17, A/68/PV.80 and 14-27868, archived from the original on 28 July 2018, retrieved 22 October 2018
  16. ^ United Nations General Assembly, Sixty-eighth session, Agenda item 33 (b), Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 March 2014 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/68/L.39 and Add.1)] 68/262. Territorial integrity of Ukraine, United Nations, 1 April 2014, A/RES/68/262, archived from the original on 6 October 2019, retrieved 22 October 2018 Alternative URL Archived 2018-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
    General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling upon States Not to Recognize Changes in Status of Crimea Region, United Nations, 27 March 2014, GA/11493, archived from the original on 14 September 2019, retrieved 22 October 2018
  17. ^ Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2016, on the report of the Third Committee (A/71/484/Add.3), 71/205. Situation of human rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine), United Nations, 1 February 2017, A/RES/71/205, archived from the original on 25 October 2018, retrieved 22 October 2018
    United Nations General Assembly, Seventy-first session, 65th plenary meeting, Monday, 19 December 2016, 10 a.m. New York, United Nations, 18 December 2016, pp. 34–43, A/RES/71/205, archived from the original on 24 October 2018, retrieved 22 October 2018
    General Assembly Adopts 50 Third Committee Resolutions, as Diverging Views on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity Animate Voting, United Nations, 19 December 2016, GA/11879, archived from the original on 19 December 2017, retrieved 22 October 2018
  18. ^ Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2017 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/72/439/Add.3)] 2/190. Situation of human rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, United Nations, 19 January 2018, A/RES/72/190, archived from the original on 25 July 2018, retrieved 22 October 2018 Alternative URL (pdf) Archived 2018-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
    United Nations General Assembly, Seventy-second session, Agenda item 72 (c), Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives, 6 December 2017, pp. 22–25, A/72/439/Add.3, archived from the original on 23 October 2018, retrieved 22 October 2018
  19. ^ "Doc. 14506 (Report) State of emergency: proportionality issues concerning derogations under Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights – PACE resolution". assembly.coe.int. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  20. ^ "PACE urges Russia to stop supplying arms to Donbas". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  21. ^ "Aryev explains why PACE resolution is important for Ukraine". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  22. ^ "Про внесення змін у додаток до розпорядження Кабінету Міні... – від 18.02.2015 № 128-р". zakon4.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  23. ^ "Про внесення змін до розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів Укра... – від 05.05.2015 № 428-р". zakon4.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  24. ^ "Про внесення змін у додатки 1 і 2 до розпорядження Кабінет... – від 02.12.2015 № 1276-р". zakon4.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  25. ^ "Про внесення змін у додатки 1 і 2 до розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 7 листопада 2014 р. № 1085 від від 7 лютого 2018 р. № 79-р". zakon4.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  26. ^ "Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України". w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  27. ^ "Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України". w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
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