Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations

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Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations
Map indicating locations of Donetsk People's Republic and Russia

Donetsk People's Republic
Russia
The Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic sign a document establishing diplomatic relations

Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations are bilateral relations between Donetsk and Russia. The bilateral relations between first came from the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and the Soviet Russia after the October Revolution.[1] In 2014, the Donetsk People's Republic declared independence, which was not immediately recognized by the Russian Federation, and the two sides did not formally establish diplomatic relations until 2022.

On February 21, 2022, President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation signed a diplomatic communiqué at the Kremlin and recognized the Donetsk People's Republic. The two sides immediately established diplomatic relations.

History[edit]

October Revolution[edit]

The World War I was coming to an end, and the newly independent Ukraine was plunged into a long and chaotic civil war.[2] At the same time, the Bolsheviks in Donetsk, influenced by the ideology of the October Revolution, unanimously decided to break away from Ukraine and establish a new state. In February 1918, the Donetsk Parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence and established the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.[3]

Due to its ties to the Bolsheviks, the Donetsk Republic intended to become part of the Soviet Russia, but Lenin believed that "the proportion of the working class in Ukraine should be increased, otherwise it will be difficult to transform the agricultural country". The request was therefore refused, and the republic was allowed to dissolve itself and be drawn into the soon-to-be-established Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic,[1] and the Donetsk Republic disintegrated.[4]

Donbas referendum[edit]

In 2013, a pro-EU movement broke out in Ukraine. Pro-Russian elements in Donetsk were dissatisfied with the Kyiv authorities' policy toward the EU and held an independence referendum in May 2014. Although no country recognized the legitimacy of the referendum, the Donetsk Parliament declared independence based on the results of the referendum, seceded from Ukraine and established the Donetsk People's Republic.[5][6]

The Ukrainian government believed that this was instigated by Russia,[5] so it sent troops into the Donbas region, and the Donbas War broke out. Then, under the mediation of France and Germany, Russia and Ukraine signed the Minsk Agreement. The Ukrainian government grants special autonomy to the two regions in the east. As a condition, the Donetsk Republic agreed to a ceasefire, but it has already become de facto independent.[4]

On July 2021, the Kremlin published an article by Putin in which Putin referred to the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and argued that Lenin's drawing of Donetsk into Ukrainian territory was a historical error.[7]

Thus, in early 1918, the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was proclaimed and asked Moscow to incorporate it into Soviet Russia. This was met with a refusal. During a meeting with the republic's leaders, Vladimir Lenin insisted that they act as part of Soviet Ukraine.

Establishment of diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation[edit]

The DPR's President Denis Pushilin signed the document establishing diplomatic relations with Russia
Presidential Decree No. 71, dated 21 February 2022, recognizing the independence of the Donetsk People's Republic

On February 16, 2022, the Russian Duma passed a resolution calling for the republics of Donetsk and Lugansk to be recognized as soon as possible.[8]

On February 20, Putin convened a meeting of the Security Council on live television,[9] and asked ministers to express their views on whether to recognize the two republics in the Donbass. The officials present almost agreed. On February 21, the President of the Donetsk Republic Denis Pushilin and the Lugansk Republic signed a document in the Kremlin. The Russian Federation recognizes the Donetsk People's Republic, and the two sides continue to discuss a military defense agreement.[10][11] After the recognition, Putin publicly stated that since he has recognized Donbas, there is no need to continue to abide by the Minsk agreement.[12]

Passport[edit]

Documents issued by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics have been valid in Russia since 2017. This allowed residents to work, travel, or study in Russia.[13]

Relations between the DPR and Russia have generally been close. Ukraine has accused Russia of aiding the DPR and the Luhansk People's Republic in their wars with Ukraine; Russia has denied this. Russia has issued 600,000 passports to residents of the republics since 2019. Ukraine also claims that Russia pays pensions for residents of the republics (Ukraine stopped paying after 2014).[14]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "困於數百年東西裂痕 偏倒一方非烏克蘭解方". HK01. 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  2. ^ 装甲铲史官 (2022-02-25). "俄乌这已是第二次打仗 100年前就打了第一仗，还一打就是4年". Sina Military. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  3. ^ David Priestland (2014-05-17). "'Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991', by Orlando Figes". Financial Times. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  4. ^ a b "什么是"顿涅茨克人民共和国"？". 地球知识局. 网易. 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  5. ^ a b "Donetsk's pro-Russian activists prepare referendum for 'new republic'". The Guardian. 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  6. ^ "Donetsk, Luhansk: The 'People's Republics' one year on". Deutsche Welle. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2022-03-19. No government, in Kyiv or anywhere else, recognizes the self-proclaimed "People's Republics."
  7. ^ "Article by Vladimir Putin "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"". Kremlin. 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  8. ^ "Russian Lawmakers Approve Resolution To Recognize Separatist Regions In Ukraine". RFE/RL. 2022-02-16. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  9. ^ "Security Council meeting". Kremlin. 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  10. ^ "Putin signs decrees on recognizing Donetsk and Lugansk republics". TASS. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  11. ^ "No evidence yet Kiev gives up idea of offensive in Donbass — Donetsk leader". TASS. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  12. ^ "Putin says Minsk Agreement on Ukraine exists no more". Anadolu Agency. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  13. ^ "Putin orders Russia to recognise documents issued in rebel-held east Ukraine". Reuters. 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  14. ^ Reuters (2021-12-15). "Factbox: How rebel-held regions of eastern Ukraine have grown closer to Russia". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
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