Izium
Izyum
Ізюм | |
|---|---|
 _%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg) .jpg)  | |
 Flag | |
  Izyum Location of Izyum in Kharkiv Oblast  Izyum Location of Izyum in Ukraine | |
| Coordinates: 49°12′46″N 37°15′25″E / 49.21278°N 37.25694°ECoordinates: 49°12′46″N 37°15′25″E / 49.21278°N 37.25694°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Kharkiv Oblast |
| Raion | Izium |
| Founded | 1681 |
| City | 1765[1] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Valeriy Marchenko[2] (Servant of the People[2]) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 43.6 km2 (16.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 71 m (233 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| • Total | 45,884 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 64300 |
| Area code(s) | 380-5743 |
| Licence plate | АХ, КХ |
| Sister cities | Tukums, Tukums Municipality, Latvia
Andrychów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland Khoni, Mkhare, Georgia |
| Website | city-izyum |
Izyum (Ukrainian: Ізюм; also Romanized Izum, Izium) is a city situated on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Izium Raion (district) and is located approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of the oblast capital, Kharkiv. Izium hosts the administration of Izium urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[3] Population: 45,884 (2021 est.)[4]
History[edit]
First mentioned in 1571 in connection with the Izyum Warpath of the Crimean Tatars.[5]
In 1639 was mentioned as small outpost.[5]
In 1681 Russian fortress was built here,[6][7] in 1684 - the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration (The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955).
Later, Izyum was a significant centre of the Sloboda Ukraine and home to a regiment of Cossacks between 1688 and 1765.
In 1765 Izyum became a city. In April 1780 Izyum became an administrative centre of Izyum uyezd.
The churches of Ascension (1819–21) and of St. Nicholas (1809–23) rank among the finest Neoclassical buildings in the region.
During World War II, the Red Army held a large bridgehead here, allowing for a salient that was cut off by counterattacking German forces (during the Second Battle of Kharkov) and eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.[8] Izium was occupied by the German Army from 24 June 1942 to 5 February 1943.
In January 1989 the population was 64 334 people.[9][1]
In January 2013 the population was 51 511 people.[10]
Until 18 July 2020, Izium was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Izium Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven, the city of Izium was merged into Izium Raion.[11][12]
2014 Russian-Ukrainian conflict[edit]
The town was the site of sporadic fighting during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014. In April 2014 Russian separatist forces occupied the city of Sloviansk 50 km (30 mi) south of Izium. An operation by Ukrainian forces to remove these forces bogged down and checkpoints around the Izium were formed to stop possible intrusion into the city. On June 15 a Ukrainian checkpoint outside the city was attacked by separatist forces.[citation needed] On 19 June 2014 Ukrainian forces defeated a large group of separatists at Yampil, approximately 65 km (40 mi) southwest of Izium, signaling the furthest north the separatist forces would advance. As part of the Siege of Sloviansk and Battle of Kramatorsk both cities were recaptured by Ukrainian forces. Due to its proximity to the front line the city, along with the Kramatorsk Airfield which the Ukrainian military was able to control through the battles, served as a staging area for Ukrainian troops prior to Sloviansk and Kramatorsk being recaptured.[13][14][15]
European route E40 passes through Izyum, connecting Luhans'k-Sloviansk-Kharkiv, three important cities to both pro Russia and Ukrainian forces. Controlling the highway was instrumental as it was the fastest access route into Sloviansk, as well as allowing for possible expansion of separatist territory into Kharkiv region. The Sloviansk-Izyum highway was referred to as the "highway of death" by locals during the summer of 2014, however large scale fighting halted once Ukrainian forces liberated Sloviansk.[16] Early April 2016 the Security Service of Ukraine arrested an alleged saboteur who was accused of wanting to explode the railway near Izyum to aid the separatists.[17]
In order to comply with decommunization laws the local "Lenin Square" was renamed to "John Lennon Square" in February 2016.[18]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[edit]
According to Amnesty International, the town has been exposed to constant Russian rocket fire since 3 March. The population is trapped in their basements with almost no food or water. As a result of these attacks, most of the town's residential areas are cut off from electricity, gas, heating, and mobile communication. According to Ukrainian authorities, eight civilians, including two children, were killed.[19]
As part of the northeastern Ukraine offensive of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a senior US defense official reported Russian claims to have taken control of Izium on 17 March 2022;[20] this report was deemed incorrect by the Institute for the Study of War.[21]. On March 24, 2022, the official representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Igor Konashenkov, stated that by the morning of March 24, the city of Izyum was completely taken under control by the units of the Russian army.[22]. This was later denied by Ukrainian officials.[23] The same day a city council deputy told CNN that Russians controlled the northern sector of the city while the southern one was surrounded as it was indicated by satellite images taken on 24 March.[24]
Geography[edit]
Climate[edit]
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb". (Warm Summer Continental Climate).[25]
| Climate data for Izium (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
39.4 (102.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.0 (−31.0) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−33.2 (−27.8) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.9 (1.89) |
43.3 (1.70) |
44.0 (1.73) |
37.9 (1.49) |
48.3 (1.90) |
62.8 (2.47) |
58.8 (2.31) |
38.2 (1.50) |
48.9 (1.93) |
43.0 (1.69) |
46.0 (1.81) |
46.2 (1.82) |
565.3 (22.26) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.4 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 93.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.9 | 81.8 | 77.3 | 67.5 | 64.9 | 68.2 | 68.2 | 67.5 | 73.4 | 79.2 | 85.1 | 85.5 | 75.3 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes)[27] | |||||||||||||
Gallery[edit]
City Hall
Monument commemorating the battle of Volodymyr Monomakh against Cumans
Historical building in Izium
Spartak cinema
Ascension Church
Transfiguration Church
Holy Cross Church
A holy well in Izium
Izyum railway station
.JPG)
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.JPG)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Изюм // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.481
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) "Elections in Kharkiv Region: Kernes' Son in the Regional Council and Local Success "Servants of the People"". The Ukrainian Week. 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Изюмская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b Изюм // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1986. стр.481
- ^ Изюм // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский. 2-е изд. том 17. М., Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия», 1952. стр.522
- ^ Изюм // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 4. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1980. стр.231
- ^ The Second World War on the Eastern Front by Lee Baker, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 9781405840637 (page 60)
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.96
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ "Ukraine – Shooting At Checkpoint Near Izium". United Patriot. Archived from the original on 2015-01-20. Retrieved 2015-01-20.
- ^ "Ukraine rebels speak of heavy losses in battle against government troops". Reuters. 2014-06-19.
- ^ Rosenberg, Steven (2014-07-08). "Fears remain as rebels flee Sloviansk". BBC News. BBC.
- ^ "Дорога смерти Изюм – Славянск: как это было". Information Resistance. Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Kharkiv detained a saboteur who planned to blow up the track. Ukrayinska Pravda (6 April 2016)
- ^ Not Back in the USSR! Beatles star John Lennon gets a street named after him in Ukraine, Ukraine Today (2 March 2016)
Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ "Ukraine: Beleaguered town of Izium at breaking point after constant attack from Russian forces – new testimony". Amnesty International. 16 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ^ "Pentagon says Russian advance is frozen". BBC. 17 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ Clark, Mason; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (18 March 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 18". Institute for the Study of War. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
A Senior US Defense Official reportedly claimed that Russian forces took control of Izyum on March 17, though either the statement itself or media reporting was incorrect.
- ^ "Российские военные взяли под контроль город Изюм в Харьковской области" (in Russian). РИА Новости. 2022-03-24.
- ^ "Ukraine denies Russian troops have captured key east city Izyum". The Times of Israel. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-25-22/h_433089da41a81c3e3806b5070cee97ac
- ^ Climate Summary
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Izmium, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1949–2011)". Climatebase. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
External links[edit]
- (in English) / History of the city
- (in English) Encyclopædia Britannica Online
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