County Louth

County Louth
County Louth; Contae Lú
	; Coat of arms
	; Coat of arms
	Motto: Lugh sáimh-ioldánach (Irish); "Lugh equally skilled in many arts"
Country	Ireland
Province	Leinster
Dáil Éireann	Louth
EU Parliament	Midlands–North-West
County town	Dundalk
Government
• Type	County Council
Area
• Total	826 km2 (319 sq mi)
Area rank	32nd
Population (2011)	122,897
• Rank	18th
Vehicle index; mark code	LH
Website	www.louthcoco.ie

Cooley Mountains

County Louth (Irish: Contae Lú)^[3] is a county^[4] in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Border Region. It is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county is 122,897 according to the 2011 census.^[5]

Geography[edit]

County Louth is colloquially known as 'the Wee County' as it is Ireland's smallest county by area (826 km² (319 mi²).^[6] It is the 19th-largest in terms of population.^[7] It is the smallest of Leinster’s 12 counties by size and the sixth-largest by population.

It is the second most densely populated county in Ireland behind Dublin, and the fourth on the island of Ireland.

History[edit]

Baronies of Louth

County Louth is named after the village of Louth, which in turn is named after Lugh, a god of the ancient Irish. Historically, the placename has had various spellings; "Lugmad", "Lughmhaigh", and "Lughmhadh" (see Historic Names List, for full listing). Lú is the modern simplified spelling.

The county is steeped in myth, legend and history, and is a setting in the Táin Bó Cúailnge. Later it saw the influence of the Vikings as seen in the name of Carlingford Lough. They also established a longphort at Annagassan in the ninth century. At this time Louth consisted of three sub-kingdoms each subject to separate over-kingdoms: Conaille (Ulaidh); Fir Rois (Airgialla); and, the Fir Arda Ciannachta (Midhe). The whole area became part of the O'Carroll Kingdom of Airgialla (Oriel) early in the 12th century.

A number of historic sites are in the county, including religious sites at Monasterboice, Mellifont Abbey and the St Mary Magdalene Dominican Friary. In the early 14th century, the Scottish army of Edward Bruce siege of Drogheda. Edward went on to be defeated in the Battle of Faughart near Dundalk, this time losing not only his claim to the High Kingship Of Ireland, but also his life.

The Normans occupied the Louth area in the 1180s, and it became known as English Oriel, to distinguish it from the remainder (Irish Oriel) which remained in Irish hands. The latter became the McMahon lordship of Oriel of Monaghan.

In 1189 AD, a royal charter was granted to Dundalk after a Norman nobleman named Bertram de Verdun erected a manor house at Castletown Mount. Later in 1412 AD, a royal charter was granted to Drogheda. This charter unified the towns of Drogheda-in-Meath and Drogheda-in-Uriel (Louth) as a County in its own right, styled as ‘the County of the town of Drogheda’.^[8] Drogheda continued as a County Borough until the setting up of County Councils, through the enactment of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which saw all of Drogheda, including a large area south of the River Boyne, become part of an extended County Louth.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Until the late 16th century, Louth had been a part of Ulster, before being included as part of Leinster after a conference held at Faughart (in 1596) between the Chiefs of Ulster (O'Nial/O'Niel and O'Donel/McDonnel), on the Irish side, and the Archbishop of Cashel and the Earl of Ormonde on that of the English.

The 16th and 17th centuries featured many skirmishes and battles involving Irish and English forces, as it was on the main route to 'the Moiry Pass' and the Ulster areas often in rebellion and as yet uncolonised. Oliver Cromwell attacked Drogheda in 1649 slaughtering the Royalist garrison and hundreds of the town's citizens. Towards the end of the same century, the armies of the warring Kings, James and William, faced off in South Louth during the build-up to the Battle of the Boyne the battle was fought 3 km west Drogheda. Drogheda held for James II under Lord Iveagh, but surrendered to King William (III) of Orange the day after the battle of the Boyne.^[11]

In 1798, the leaders of the United Irishmen included Bartholomew Teeling, John Byrne, and Patrick Byrne, all from Castletown; Anthony Marmion from Louth Town and Dundalk, Anthony McCann from Corderry; Nicholas and Thomas Markey from Barmeath, and Arthur McKeown, John Warren, and James McAllister from Cambricville. They were betrayed by informers, notably a Dr. Conlan, who came from Dundalk, and an agent provocateur called Sam Turner, from Newry. Several leaders were hanged.

The priest and scientist Nicholas Callan (1799–1864) was from Darver.

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1600	3,454	—
1610	6,787	+96.5%
1653	8,527	+25.6%
1659	9,690	+13.6%
1821	119,129	+1129.4%
1831	124,846	+4.8%
1841	128,240	+2.7%
1851	107,662	−16.0%
1861	90,713	−15.7%
1871	84,021	−7.4%
1881	77,684	−7.5%
1891	71,038	−8.6%
1901	65,820	−7.3%
1911	63,665	−3.3%
1926	62,739	−1.5%
1936	64,339	+2.6%
1946	66,194	+2.9%
1951	68,771	+3.9%
1956	69,194	+0.6%
1961	67,378	−2.6%
1966	69,519	+3.2%
1971	74,951	+7.8%
1979	86,135	+14.9%
1981	88,514	+2.8%
1986	91,810	+3.7%
1991	90,724	−1.2%
1996	92,166	+1.6%
2002	101,821	+10.5%
2006	111,267	+9.3%
2011	122,897	+10.5%
^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

County Louth is the 19th largest county in terms of population^[7] yet it is the most densely populated county in Ireland outside of Dublin with a population density of 148.7 people per km², almost double that of the national average. The majority of the county's 122,897 population live in either Dundalk in North Louth, or Drogheda in South Louth. The 2011 Census^[18] confirmed Drogheda^[18] and Dundalk^[18] as not only the largest towns in the county, but also the largest and second largest towns and overall 6th and 7th largest urban areas in Ireland.

Towns and settlements (2011 Census)[edit]

Area	Legal Town Limit	Inc. Environs	Inc. Rural
Dundalk	31,149^[19]	37,816^[20]	63,429
Drogheda	30,393^[21]	38,578^[22]	38,578
Ardee	4,554	4,927	7,418
Blackrock	3,000	3,000	3,000
Clogherhead	1,993	3,026	3,026
Dunleer	1,786	2,340	2,340
Termonfeckin	1,443	1,443	1,443
Tullyallen	1,358	1,358	1,358
Dromiskin	1,115	1,115	1,115
Carlingford	1,045	1,045	1,045
Castlebellingham	1,035	1,035	1,035
Louth	715	715	715
Tallanstown	673	673	673
Knockbridge	583	583	583
Omeath	503	503	503
Tinure	456	456	456
Jenkinstown	323	323	323
Beaulieu	221	221	221
Annagassan	180	180	180

Towns and villages[edit]

Local government and politics[edit]

Louth County Council[edit]

The local authority is Louth County Council, offices in Dundalk, which provides a number of services including; planning, roads maintenance, fire brigade, council housing, water supply, waste collection, recycling and landfill, higher education grants and funding for arts and culture.^[23]

Since the implementation of the Local Government Reform Act 2014 on 1 June 2014, County Louth has been subdivided into four Local Electoral Area's (often abbreviated as LEA) for elections to Louth County Council and three Municipal districts for local government which are,

Ardee Municipal District
Drogheda Borough District
Dundalk Municipal District

Council	Area	District ^{[t 1]}	LEA ^{[t 2]}	Councillors ^{[t 3]}
Louth County Council (29)	Ardee	Y	Y	6
	Drogheda	Y^{[t 4]}	Y	10
	Dundalk	Y		13
	Dundalk Carlingford		Y	6
	Dundalk South		Y	7

Key:

^ Y indicates the area is a municipal district. (Those designated as "metropolitan district" or "borough district" are footnoted.)
^ Y indicates the area is a local electoral area.
^ The number of councillors returned by the LEA and/or the number on the district council. All district councillors are ex officio members of the county/city council.
^ Borough district.

Louth Dáil Éireann constituency[edit]

For elections to Dáil Éireann, Louth is represented by the five member Louth constituency which takes in the entire county of Louth and two electoral divisions in County Meath. the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009 merged the electoral divisions of St.Mary's (Part) and Julianstown, collectively known as "East Meath" in County Meath with County Louth to form one Dáil Éireann constituency. The Report on Dáil and European Parliament Constituencies 2007 outlined "by extending the constituency southwards from, and in the environs of, Drogheda and taking in electoral divisions which have extensive linkages with the town. This will allow the inclusion of the town of Drogheda and hinterland areas in a single constituency." ^[24] This merger allowed the areas of the Greater Drogheda area in County Meath ^[25] and their combined population of 20,375 to be merged with Drogheda and County Louth. Following the 2011 general election, the constituency elected two TDs for the Fine Gael party (centre right), and one TD each for Fianna Fáil (centre to centre-right), the Labour Party (centre left) and Sinn Féin (left wing).

Irish language[edit]

The area of Omeath was Irish-speaking until the early 20th century. A native dialect of Louth Irish existed there until about 1930, but is now extinct, although recordings have been made.^[26] Within the county 1,587 people use Irish on a daily basis outside of the education system according to the 2011 census.^[27]